2026年5月29日 / 美国东部时间晚上9:24 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
作者：法里斯·塔尼奥斯
法里斯·塔尼奥斯是CBSNews.com的新闻编辑，负责撰写、编辑稿件并追踪突发新闻。他此前曾在西海岸多家地方电视台担任数字新闻制片人。
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特朗普总统周五签署一项行政令，指示美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）遵循美国卫生与公众服务部（HHS）今年早些时候发布的一份科学评估报告，该报告呼吁减少儿童疫苗接种种类。
此举此前有迹可循：特朗普去年12月曾发布备忘录，指示HHS将美国儿童疫苗接种建议与“发达国家同行的最佳实践”保持一致。
今年1月初，HHS发布一份评估报告，认定美国“推荐的儿童疫苗种类比任何其他发达国家都多，部分欧洲国家的疫苗接种剂次仅为美国的一半左右”。
该评估发布后，隶属于HHS的CDC于1月发布了更新后的接种建议，将推荐的儿童免疫接种剂次从17种减少至11种。
这一举措遭到了医学专家和卫生组织的强烈批评，其中包括美国儿科学会（AAP）。该学会随后发布了自己的儿童疫苗接种建议，与CDC的指导方针出现重大分歧。
周五的行政令指示CDC以及CDC免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）审查HHS1月发布的“科学评估和最新临床数据”，并“采取一切适当措施更新美国儿童和青少年疫苗接种计划”。
白宫在伴随该行政令发布的情况说明书中表示：“通过签署今日的行政令，特朗普总统再次确认了他对黄金标准科学的承诺，确保美国人获得最佳的医疗建议，并赋予患者和医生最大的灵活性。”
在CDC1月的接种建议中，该机构明确只有高风险类别儿童需要接种呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、登革热、ACYW群脑膜炎球菌以及B群脑膜炎球菌疫苗。
CDC保留了针对11种儿童疾病的接种建议：麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、百日咳、破伤风、白喉、B型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）、肺炎、脊髓灰质炎、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）以及水痘。部分疫苗可同时预防多种疾病，例如用于预防麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的MMR联合疫苗。
去年12月，CDC免疫实践咨询委员会还就儿童首剂乙肝疫苗的接种时间发布了一项颇具争议的建议。几十年来，美国一直建议儿童在出生后24小时内接种首剂乙肝疫苗，但该委员会投票决定，如果母亲乙肝病毒检测呈阴性，则建议将首剂疫苗接种推迟至儿童2个月大时。
现任免疫实践咨询委员会成员是由疫苗怀疑论者、卫生部长小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪任命的。此前，他罢免了该委员会全部17名原有成员。多名新任成员曾对已有的疫苗医学研究提出质疑。
今年3月，美国儿科学会等机构提起诉讼，法官裁决反对HHS新的儿童疫苗接种计划建议，认定肯尼迪任命新的免疫实践咨询委员会成员的行为违反了联邦法律。法官还指出，政府“无视”其传统的、基于科学的疫苗推荐流程。
特朗普政府辩称，美国儿童被推荐接种的疫苗数量往往多于其他一些发达国家，尤其是欧洲国家的儿童。
美国儿科学会则认为，大多数发达国家的疫苗接种实践大体相似，任何差异都源于各国特定的国情因素。
“我们不会遵循丹麦的疫苗推荐标准，因为我们不住在丹麦，”该学会传染病委员会成员何塞·罗梅罗博士在去年的一份声明中表示，“美国儿童面临的疾病风险与其他国家的儿童不同。我们的医疗体系也完全不同。”
克里·布林、乔丹·弗莱曼和凯特琳·伊利克对本文亦有贡献。
Trump signs order directing CDC to align with assessment calling for fewer childhood vaccines
May 29, 2026 / 9:24 PM EDT / CBS News
By Faris Tanyos
Faris Tanyos is a news editor for CBSNews.com, where he writes and edits stories and tracks breaking news. He previously worked as a digital news producer at several local news stations up and down the West Coast.
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President Trump signed an executive order Friday that directs the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to align with a scientific assessment released earlier this year by the Department of Health and Human Services that calls for fewer childhood vaccines.
The move comes after Mr. Trump in December issued a memo directing HHS to align U.S. childhood vaccine recommendations with “best practices from peer, developed countries.”
In early January, HHS released an assessment that determined the U.S. “recommends more childhood vaccines than any peer nation, and more than twice as many vaccine doses as some European nations.”
Following that assessment, the CDC, which is part of HHS, announced updated recommendationsin January that would reduce the number of recommended immunizations for children from 17 to 11.
The move prompted heavy criticism from medical experts and health organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, which subsequently chose to release its own childhood vaccine recommendations, breaking significantly with the CDC guidance.
Friday’s executive order directs the CDC and the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, or ACIP, to review HHS’ January “scientific assessment and the latest clinical data” and “take any appropriate steps to update the United States childhood and adolescent vaccine schedule.”
“By signing today’s Executive Order, President Trump is reaffirming his commitment to gold-standard science, ensuring Americans receive the best possible medical advice, and empowering patients and doctors with maximum flexibility,” the White House said in a fact sheet accompanying Friday’s order.
In the CDC’s January recommendations, it found that only children in high-risk categories should receive immunizations for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis A, hepatitis B, dengue, meningococcal ACWY and meningococcal B.
The CDC kept recommendations in place for 11 childhood diseases: measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), pneumonia, polio, human papillomavirus, or HPV, and varicella, or chickenpox. (Some vaccines, such as the MMR shot for measles, mumps and rubella, protect against multiple diseases.)
In December, the CDC’s ACIP panel also issued a controversial recommendation on when children should get their first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine. For decades, it has been recommended that children receive the first dose within 24 hours of birth, but the panel voted to recommend that the first dose be delayed until a child is 2 months old if the mother tested negative for the virus.
The current ACIP panel was chosen by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a vaccine skeptic, after he ousted all 17 members of the previous panel. Severalof the newest members have questioned established medical research on vaccines.
In March, a judge ruled against the new HHS childhood vaccine schedule recommendations in a lawsuit brought by the American Academy of Pediatrics and others, finding that Kennedy’s moves to appoint the new ACIP panel violated federal law. The judge also wrote that the government “disregarded” its traditional, scientifically grounded process for vaccine recommendations.
The Trump administration has argued that American children tend to be recommended for more vaccines than children in some other developed countries, particularly in Europe.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has argued that most developed countries have broadly similar practices, and any differences are due to country-specific factors.
“We don’t follow Denmark’s vaccine recommendations because we don’t live in Denmark,” Dr. Jose Romero, a member of the group’s committee on infectious diseases, said in a statement last year. “Children in the United States are at risk of different diseases than children in other countries. We also have a completely different health system.”
Kerry Breen, Jordan Freiman and Caitlin Yilek contributed to this report.
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