2026-05-21T18:02:45.343Z / 路透社
- 摘要
- 报告指出州级政党资金不足、外联工作薄弱
- 报告称民主党在男性、无大学学历、农村选民中失势
5月21日路透电——在党内压力下，美国民主党全国委员会（DNC）于周四发布了长期搁置的、关于卡玛拉·哈里斯在2024年总统大选中输给唐纳德·特朗普的“复盘报告”，却随即对报告结论予以否认。
报告发现，民主党因州级政党资金不足以及“持续无力或不愿倾听所有选民的声音”，已将阵地拱手让给特朗普领导的共和党。
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报告称，民主党尤其在男性选民、无大学学历选民、非固定选民以及农村选民中表现不佳。该报告发布时距离11月的国会中期选举仅剩不到六个月。
民主党全国委员会主席肯·马丁在随报告发布的声明中表示，这份报告“未达到我的标准，也不符合你们的标准”，但他同时表示，发布该报告是为了恢复党内信任。
这份长达192页的文件在每一页顶部都附有免责声明，称其“仅反映作者个人观点，不代表民主党全国委员会立场”，文中各处的批注也指出了报告中的不准确之处以及缺乏证据支撑的结论。
该报告由民主党顾问保罗·里维拉撰写，记者目前无法立即联系到他置评。报告于去年年底完成，部分民主党人对报告被保密一事感到愤怒。
尽管鉴于特朗普的支持率下滑，民主党在11月的国会选举中似乎有望取得进展，但他们仍在为2028年总统竞选寻找能够凝聚党内共识的竞选纲领。
《纽约时报》与锡耶纳学院本周联合开展的一项民调显示，各类民主党选民普遍存在不满情绪，尽管该报报道称，民主党在此次中期选举前相比共和党仍拥有显著优势。
马丁最初曾承诺发布这份报告，但在12月改变了主意，称他不希望鼓励民主党人就2024年大选相互指责，而是应聚焦未来。这一转变引发了部分党内支持者对其领导能力的质疑。
马丁写道，在去年11月弗吉尼亚州和新泽西州民主党取得胜利后，他搁置了这份报告以避免分散注意力，但他承认这一决定反而造成了更大的问题。“对此，我深表歉意。”他说道。
美国两大政党过往都会在失利后委托撰写复盘报告，以探讨应吸取的经验教训，包括约谈党内领导人、活动人士和捐赠者，以及分析资金投入和宣传策略。
报告指出，2024年大选结果差距极小，这可能会让民主党人认为只需做出小幅调整即可。
但报告称，这种思路“本质上是否认现实”，并指出民主党自巴拉克·奥巴马2008年以压倒性优势赢得总统大选以来，一直在“停滞与倒退之间摇摆”。
该复盘报告还指责拜登政府在哈里斯担任副总统期间未能为其创造良好的履职环境，导致拜登在2024年7月突然宣布退出连任竞选时，哈里斯处于不利地位。
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Democrats release ‘autopsy’ on 2024 US election loss but reject findings
2026-05-21T18:02:45.343Z / Reuters
Democratic presidential nominee U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris participates in a “town hall” with radio host Charlamagne Tha God, in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., October 15, 2024.REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque/File Photo Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
- Summary
- Report cites underfunded state parties, weak outreach
- It says party lost ground with men, non-college, rural voters
May 21 (Reuters) – Bowing to pressure from within its ranks, the Democratic National Committee released on Thursday its long‑withheld “autopsy” of Kamala Harris’ loss to Donald Trump in the 2024 presidential race — only to quickly disavow it.
The report found that Democrats have ceded ground to Trump’s Republicans through under-funding of state parties and a “persistent inability or unwillingness to listen to all voters.”
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In particular, Democrats underperformed among male voters, non-college voters, irregular voters and rural voters, it said. The report was released less than six months before November’s midterm congressional elections.
In a statement accompanying the release, DNC Chairman Ken Martin said it “does not meet my standards, and it won’t meet your standards,” but he said it was being published to restore trust in the party.
The 192-page document includes a disclaimer at the top of each page stating that it “reflects the views of the author, not the DNC,” and notes appended throughout highlight inaccuracies as well as conclusions offered without evidence.
The report was written by Paul Rivera, a Democratic consultant, who could not immediately be reached for comment. It was completed late last year, and some Democrats were angry it was being kept secret.
While Democrats appear well-positioned to make gains in Congress in the November vote given Trump’s declining popularity, they are still searching for a unifying message ahead of the 2028 presidential campaign.
A New York Times/Siena College poll this week found widespread frustration among Democratic voters of all stripes, even as the party appears to have a sizable advantage over Republicans heading into the election, the newspaper reported.
Martin had initially promised to release the report but changed his mind in December, saying he did not want to encourage Democrats to engage in finger-pointing about 2024 rather than focusing on the future. The turnabout caused some party supporters to question his leadership.
He wrote that he had withheld the report after last November’s Democratic victories in Virginia and New Jersey to avoid distraction, but acknowledged the decision only created a larger one. “For that, I sincerely apologize,” he said.
Both major parties have in the past commissioned autopsies following losses to explore what lessons should be learned, including interviewing party leaders, activists and donors and analyzing spending and messaging.
The report notes that 2024 was quite close, which might convince Democrats they only need to make minor changes.
But that approach is “denialist at its core,” according to the report, which said the party “has vacillated between stagnation and retrogression” since Barack Obama’s landslide White House win in 2008.
The autopsy also blamed Democrat Joe Biden’s White House for failing to set Harris up for success when she was his vice president, leaving her in a weakened position when Biden abruptly dropped his reelection bid in July 2024.
Reporting by Joseph Ax, editing by Ross Colvin and Howard Goller
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