2026年5月12日 下午4:25 协调世界时 / 路透社
作者：理查德·考恩 安·萨菲尔
凯文·沃什，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普提名的下一任美联储主席人选，于2026年4月21日在华盛顿特区国会山出席参议院银行委员会的确认听证会作证。路透社/伊丽莎白·弗朗茨/资料图片
5月12日（路透社）——美国参议院周二确认凯文·沃什出任美联储理事，任期14年，这是他接替杰罗姆·鲍威尔成为美国央行下任行长的重要一步。
以下是相关细节与背景：
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- 投票结果为51票赞成、45票反对，仅有来自宾夕法尼亚州的民主党人约翰·费特曼投下了支持共和党多数派的一票。
- 参议院还批准启动为期30小时的倒计时程序，最快可于周三就沃什兼任四年任期的美联储主席一职进行投票。鲍威尔的主席任期将于本周五结束。
- 作为律师、金融家及前美联储理事，沃什即将领导美联储之际，正值该央行的政治独立性面临考验：特朗普政府施压要求其落实唐纳德·特朗普总统提出的降息要求。
- 特朗普史无前例地试图掌控美联储，包括试图解雇美联储理事莉萨·库克——这起案件目前已提交至最高法院审理——以及支持美国司法部对鲍威尔的一项大楼翻新项目调查，一名联邦法官裁定该调查是施压鲍威尔降息或辞职的借口。
- 司法部已终止该调查，但其驻华盛顿的首席检察官表示有可能重启调查。
- 鲍威尔计划在主席任期结束后继续担任美联储理事，这一不同寻常的举措是为了回应“一系列针对美联储的法律攻击，这些攻击威胁到我们在制定货币政策时不受政治因素干扰的能力”。
- 沃什表示，他计划对美联储实施“改革”，包括加强美联储与财政部以及特朗普政府在非货币政策方面的协调，并推动美联储缩减资产负债表规模，他认为此举应有助于降低政策利率。
- 自伊朗战争爆发以来油价飙升推高了通胀，并削弱了投资者对今年降息的预期。目前金融市场预计12月前加息的概率约为三分之一。美联储当前的短期借贷利率目标区间为3.50%-3.75%。
- 美联储主席在负责制定利率的联邦公开市场委员会中拥有12张投票权之一，打开新标签页，并在政策制定会议的19名参会者中占有一席之地。
- 美联储下次会议，大概率是沃什主持的首次会议，定于6月16日至17日举行。
理查德·考恩报道，安·萨菲尔撰稿；丹·伯恩斯与安德里亚·里奇编辑
本报守则：路透社信托原则。
Senate confirms Warsh to Fed Board, with Fed chair vote likely Wednesday
May 12, 2026 4:25 PM UTC / Reuters
By Richard Cowan and Ann Saphir
Kevin Warsh, U.S. President Donald Trump’s nominee to be next chair of the Federal Reserve, attends a Senate Banking Committee confirmation hearing to testify, on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., U.S., April 21, 2026. REUTERS/Elizabeth Frantz/File Photo
May 12 (Reuters) – The U.S. Senate on Tuesday confirmed Kevin Warsh to a 14-year term as Federal Reserve governor, marking an important step toward his succeeding Jerome Powell as the U.S. central bank’s next leader.
Here are some details and context:
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- The vote passed 51-45, with a single Democrat, John Fetterman of Pennsylvania, casting his vote with the Republican majority.
- The Senate also approved the start of a 30-hour countdown that allows a vote to approve Warsh for a concurrent four-year term as Fed chair as soon as Wednesday. Powell’s term as chair ends on Friday.
- A lawyer, financier and former Fed governor, Warsh is on course to lead the Fed at a time when the central bank’s political independence is being tested by pressure from the administration to deliver the interest-rate cuts demanded by President Donald Trump.
- Trump’s unprecedented efforts to exert control over the Fed include the attempted firing of Fed Governor Lisa Cook in a case now before the Supreme Court and support for a Department of Justice investigation into Powell’s management of a building renovation that a federal judge ruled was pretext for pressuring Powell to cut rates or resign.
- The DOJ dropped its investigation, but its lead prosecutor in Washington says she could reopen it.
- Powell plans to take the unusual step of staying on as governor after his chair term ends, in response to the “series of legal attacks on the Fed which threaten our ability to conduct monetary policy without considering political factors.”
- Warsh says he plans “regime change” at the Fed, including tightening its coordination with the Treasury Department and the Trump administration on non-monetary policies and setting it on course for a smaller balance sheet, which he argues should allow for a lower policy rate.
- A surge in oil prices since the start of the Iran war has pushed up inflation and pared investor expectations for an interest-rate cut this year. Currently financial markets are pricing about a one-in-three chance of a rate hike by December. The Fed’s current target range for short-term borrowing costs is 3.50%-3.75%.
- The Fed chair has one of 12 votes on the interest-rate-setting Federal Open Market Committee, opens new tab and is one of 19 voices at the policy-setting table.
- The Fed’s next meeting, likely its first chaired by Warsh, is scheduled for June 16-17.
Reporting by Richard Cowan, Writing by Ann Saphir; Editing by Dan Burns and Andrea Ricci
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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