更新于：2026年5月8日 / 美国东部时间晚上9:37 / 哥伦比亚广播公司/美联社
阿拉巴马州共和党人周五批准了新的初选计划，如果法院允许共和党绘制的一套众议院选区方案在中期选举中使用，该计划将生效。此举可能会取消该州两个民主党席位中的一个。
本周由议员们通过、共和党州长凯·艾维周五迅速签署生效的这项法案，是多个南部州共和党人应对上周“路易斯安那州诉卡莱”最高法院裁决的举措之一，该裁决削弱了《投票权法案》。
如果法院裁定允许修改选区界线，阿拉巴马州的这项新法案将实质上搁置部分国会席位的5月19日初选结果，并指示州长安排新的初选。
去年的一项法院禁令要求阿拉巴马州在2030年人口普查前沿用现有国会选区地图。该地图由一名法院指定的专家于2023年绘制，包含5个倾向共和党的选区和2个倾向民主党的选区，其中黑人选民在选民中占相当比例。此前最高法院和下级法院驳回了州议员制定的两份早期选区地图，认定它们违反了《投票权法案》。
但上周，最高法院大幅缩小了《投票权法案》第2条的适用范围。该条款历史上要求各州在某些情况下绘制少数族裔占多数的选区。
阿拉巴马州共和党人随即寻求恢复2023年的选区地图，该地图仅设有一个倾向民主党、黑人选民占 plurality 的选区。艾维召集州议会特别会议，为新的初选制定计划。
“随着本次特别会议顺利结束，阿拉巴马州现已准备好，一旦法院在我们正在进行的选区重划案件中作出有利裁决，就能迅速采取行动，”艾维在一份声明中说道。
阿拉巴马州总检察长史蒂夫·马歇尔周五请求最高法院暂停去年的下级法院禁令，允许该州使用2023年的选区地图。大法官克拉伦斯·托马斯要求另一方在周一前作出回应。同样在周五，发布该禁令的法院驳回了暂缓该裁决的请求。
在阿拉巴马州议会大厦，现场陷入混乱，一名抗议者被安保人员从拥挤的众议院旁听席拖走。周五，议会大厦外的示威者高呼“为民主而战”和“打倒白人至上”。
2026年5月6日，在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利举行的阿拉巴马州议会特别会议期间，抗议者在参议院走廊抗议HB1和SB1号选区重划法案。迈克·斯图尔特 / 美联社
在议会内部辩论期间，黑人选民议员抨击共和党这项法案让人回想起该州可耻的吉姆·克劳时代历史。参议院民主党人在议员投票时高呼“绝对不行”和“阻止偷窃选举”。
“今天发生的事情是，我们作为一个民族倒退到了重建时期，”民主党州参议员罗杰·史密斯曼在投票后说道。
路易斯安那州和南卡罗来纳州的共和党议员周五提交国会选区重划计划时，也遭到了民权活动人士和民主党人的强烈反对。
就在一天前，田纳西州通过了新的国会选区地图，将孟菲斯一个由民主党掌控的黑人选民占多数的选区拆分。该州民主党周五提起诉讼，试图阻止该选区地图在今年选举前生效，理由是时间紧迫。
甚至在上周最高法院就路易斯安那州国会选区地图作出裁决之前，共和党人和民主党人就已经展开了激烈的选区重划斗争，双方都希望在即将决定势均力敌的众议院控制权的中期选举中占据优势。弗吉尼亚州最高法院周五裁定民主党议员在将选区重划修正案提交投票时违反了宪法规定，这场斗争的天平进一步向共和党倾斜。
民主党原本希望借助弗吉尼亚州选民4月勉强通过的新选区方案，额外获得最多4个美国众议院席位。但该州最高法院宣布该修正案无效，理由是民主党主导的州议会违反了程序要求。
Alabama lawmakers pass plan for new House primary as state pushes to redistrict
Updated on: May 8, 2026 / 9:37 PM EDT / CBS/AP
Republicans in Alabama approved plans Friday for new primary elections if courts allow a set of GOP-drawn House districts to be used in the midterms, a move that could eliminate one of the state’s two Democratic seats.
The legislation, which was passed by lawmakers this week and quickly signed into law by Republican Gov. Kay Ivey on Friday, is part of an effort by Republicans in multiple southern states to respond to last week’s Louisiana v. Callais Supreme Court ruling, which weakened the Voting Rights Act.****
The new Alabama law would effectively set aside the state’s May 19 primary results for some congressional seats and direct the governor to schedule new primaries, if a court issues a ruling that allows the district lines to change.
A court injunction from last year requires Alabama to use its existing congressional map until after the 2030 census. That map — which has five GOP-leaning districts and two Democratic-leaning districts where Black voters are a substantial portion of the electorate — was drawn by a court-appointed expert in 2023, after the Supreme Court and a lower court rejected two earlier maps crafted by state lawmakers, finding they violated the Voting Rights Act.
But last week, the Supreme Court significantly narrowed Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act, which had historically required states to draw majority-minority districts in some circumstances.
Alabama Republicans responded by seeking to restore a 2023 map with just one Democratic-leaning, plurality-Black district. Ivey called a special session of the state legislature to make plans for new primary elections.
“With this special session successfully behind us, Alabama now stands ready to quickly act, should the courts issue favorable rulings in our ongoing redistricting cases,” Ivey said in a statement.
Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall on Friday asked the Supreme Court to halt last year’s lower court injunction and allow the state to use its 2023 map. Justice Clarence Thomas asked the other side for a response by Monday. Also on Friday, the court that issued the injunction rejected a request to stay the ruling.
At the Alabama Statehouse, a chaotic scene erupted as one protester was dragged from the packed House gallery by security officers. Demonstrators outside the Statehouse on Friday shouted “fight for democracy” and “down with white supremacy.”
Demonstrators protest in the Senate hallway in response to HB1 and SB1, redistricting bills, during a special session of the Alabama Legislature on May 6, 2026, in Montgomery, Alabama. Mike Stewart / AP
During debate inside, Black lawmakers argued the Republican legislation harks back to the state’s shameful Jim Crow history. Senate Democrats shouted “hell no” and “stop the steal” as senators voted.
“What happened here today is that we were set back as a people to the days of Reconstruction,” Democratic state Sen. Rodger Smitherman said after the vote.
Republican lawmakers in Louisiana and South Carolina also faced staunch opposition from civil rights activists and Democrats as they presented plans Friday to redraw their congressional districts.
The action came just a day after Tennessee enacted new congressional districts that carve up a Democratic-held, Black-majority district in Memphis. The state Democratic Party sued on Friday, seeking to prevent the districts from being used until after this year’s elections because of the tight time frame.
Even before last week’s Supreme Court ruling on Louisiana’s congressional maps, Republicans and Democrats already were engaged in a fierce redistricting battle, each seeking an edge in the midterm elections that will determine control of the closely divided House. That battle tilted further toward Republicans when the Virginia Supreme Court ruled Friday that Democratic lawmakers had violated constitutional requirements when placing a redistricting amendment on the ballot.
Democrats had hoped to gain as many as four additional U.S. House seats under new districts narrowly approved by Virginia voters in April. But the state’s highest court invalidated the measure because it said the Democratic-led legislature violated procedural requirements.
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