2026年5月5日 / 美国东部时间凌晨5:18 / 哥伦比亚广播公司/美联社
美国教育部表示，已于周一启动针对马萨诸塞州女子院校史密斯学院的调查，原因是该校录取跨性别女性。
教育部在一份新闻稿中称，史密斯学院一直在“录取生理男性”。
该部门民权办公室开展的此次调查将审查该校是否违反了《第九条修正案》——1972年通过的一项禁止在教育领域基于性别进行歧视的法律。
此举是特朗普政府限制美国跨性别群体权利的最新举措。该政府此前多次发表攻击跨性别群体的言论，此前曾声称《第九条修正案》禁止跨性别女性参加女子体育赛事，起诉了多个州，并对不遵守该规定的学校展开调查。
史密斯学院是一所创办于1871年的私立文理学院，自2015年起开始录取跨性别女性，与其他多所顶尖女子学院做法一致。
该校的招生政策曾在2013年引发关注和校园抗议活动，当时一名跨性别高中毕业生因财务援助表格上的性别身份与实际不符而被拒绝录取。
该校官网目前规定，“所有自我认定为女性的申请者，包括顺性别女性、跨性别女性和非二元性别女性”均可申请入学。多年来，维权人士一直支持这一政策转变，称女子学院的创办初衷是为那些因性别而被边缘化的群体提供教育。
根据女子学院联盟的数据，截至2023年秋季，美国女子学院的数量已从200多所锐减至仅30所。
学院发言人未立即回复记者通过电子邮件提出的置评请求。
根据教育部的新闻稿，《第九条修正案》有一项例外条款，允许院校只招收男性或只招收女性，但该条款仅“基于生理性别差异，而非主观性别认同”。
新闻稿援引民权事务助理部长金伯利·里奇的话称：“如果招收生理男性，女子学院的存在就失去了全部意义。允许生理男性进入专为女性设立的空间，引发了关于隐私、公平以及是否遵守联邦法律的严重担忧。特朗普政府将继续维护法律，努力恢复合理准则。”
针对史密斯学院的调查源于保守派法律组织“捍卫教育”于2025年6月向民权办公室提交的一份投诉。
该组织在新闻稿中表示：“‘捍卫教育’及其成员反对美国K-12学校和高等教育机构中基于性别的歧视等行为。”
拜登政府任期内曾出台新的《第九条修正案》条例，禁止基于性取向或性别认同的歧视，但该条例在2025年1月被一名联邦法官裁定因存在法律缺陷而无效。
Education Department investigating all-women’s Smith College for admitting trans women
May 5, 2026 / 5:18 AM EDT / CBS/AP
The U.S. Department of Education says it opened an investigation Monday into Smith College, an all-women’s institution in Massachusetts, for admitting transgender women.
In a press release, the department says Smith has been “admitting biological men.”
The probe by the department’s Office of Civil Rights will look at whether the college violated Title IX, a 1972 law forbidding discrimination based on sex in education.
The move is the latest by the Trump administration – whose rhetoric has frequently included attacks on trans people – to limit transgender rights in the U.S. The administration has said that Title IX prevents trans women from participating in women’s sports, suing several states and launching investigations into schools for not complying.
Smith College, a private liberal arts school founded in 1871, has admitted trans women since 2015, along with many other elite women’s colleges.
The school’s admission policies drew attention and sparked on-campus activism in 2013, when a trans high school senior was denied acceptance because her gender identity did not match the one on her financial aid forms.
Its website now says that “any applicants who self-identify as women; cis, trans, and nonbinary women” are eligible to apply to the school. Advocates have supported the shift over the years, saying that women’s colleges were founded to educate those marginalized because of their gender.
The number of women’s colleges in the U.S. has declined from more than 200 to just 30 as of fall of 2023, according to the Women’s College Coalition.
A college spokesperson did not immediately respond to an emailed request for comment.
According to the department’s news release, Title IX contains an exception that allows colleges to be all-male or all-female, but it only applies “on the basis of biological sex difference, not subjective gender identity.”
The release quotes Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights Kimberly Richey as saying, “An all-women’s college loses all meaning if it is admitting biological males. Allowing biological males into spaces designed for women raises serious concerns about privacy, fairness, and compliance under federal law. The Trump Administration will continue to uphold the law and fight to restore common sense.”
The investigation into Smith College stems from a complaint filed with the Office of Civil Rights in June 2025 by the conservative legal group Defending Education.
“DE and its members oppose, among other things, discrimination on the basis of sex in America’s K-12 schools and institutions of higher education,” the organization said in a news release.
During the Biden administration, new Title IX regulations were issued to prevent discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity. However, those were struck down by a federal judge in January 2025 who decided the rules had legal shortcomings.
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