2026年5月1日 / 美国东部时间晚上8:32 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
田纳西州和阿拉巴马州的共和党州长周五召集州议员召开特别会议，这是在最高法院缩小《选举权法案》适用范围后，多个南部州可能争相重划国会选区的初步举措。
根据州官员的推进方式以及法院是否介入，议员们可能试图拆分田纳西州仅有的一个民主党选区，并取消阿拉巴马州两个民主党席位中的一个。
田纳西州州长比尔·李召集的特别会议将于周二召开，他在周五的一份声明中写道，议员们“有责任确保我们的国会选区准确反映田纳西州选民的意愿”。
李表示，对田纳西州选区地图的任何修改“必须尽快通过”。该州今年国会选举的初选定于8月6日举行，不过候选人 qualifying 初选选票的截止日期已于3月到期。
参选田纳西州州长的共和党参议员玛莎·布莱克本呼吁州议员制定一份能让共和党在该州全部9个国会选区占据优势的地图，拆分由民主党众议员史蒂夫·科恩掌控的孟菲斯地区选区。特朗普总统曾强烈敦促李重划该州选区，为共和党“额外拿下一个席位”。
与此同时在阿拉巴马州，州长凯·艾维召集的特别立法会议将于周一开始召开，若新的众议院选区地图获得通过，该会议可能会安排特别初选。
艾维表示，她希望州政府“在法院足够迅速采取行动的情况下做好准备”，以便众议院选区地图能在今年选举前完成修改。该州的初选定于5月19日举行，候选人报名截止日期已于1月结束。
阿拉巴马州的处境颇为复杂，该州国会选区多年来一直存在诉讼争议。最高法院2023年裁定阿拉巴马州的众议院选区地图违反《选举权法案》，同年晚些时候，一个由三名法官组成的合议庭否决了州议员制定的另一套地图。随后一名法院指定的专家绘制了新地图，形成了两个黑人选民占选民多数的众议院选区，这两个选区目前均由民主党人掌控。
若获得法院许可，艾维表示她希望恢复州议会2023年制定的地图，该地图仅设有一个以黑人为多数、倾向民主党的众议院选区。
根据去年发布的法院禁令，阿拉巴马州现行的选区地图必须维持到2030年人口普查之后。但州总检察长史蒂夫·马歇尔周四援引最高法院本周早些时候的裁决，请求最高法院撤销下级法院否决州议员2023年地图的裁决。
这一策略得以实施，得益于最高法院周三在“路易斯安那州诉卡莱斯”案中的裁决。最高法院以6票对3票的表决结果否决了包含两个以黑人为多数的众议院选区的路易斯安那州地图，维持了下级法院的裁决，即州议员过度依赖种族因素划分选区。
路易斯安那州官员周四宣布，将暂停定于本月晚些时候举行的众议院初选，有可能为绘制新地图铺平道路。
但该裁决的影响预计将远超路易斯安那州，因为实际上它缩小了1965年《选举权法案》的适用范围——此前该法案的相关条款被解读为要求各州在某些情况下划出少数族裔占多数的选区。大法官塞缪尔·阿利托在多数方意见书中写道，只有当“有强烈迹象表明存在故意歧视”时，选区才会违反《选举权法案》。
除阿拉巴马州和田纳西州外，密西西比州议员计划召开特别会议，重划该州最高法院选区。一些州官员还提议重划该州的美国众议院选区，以击败民主党众议员本尼·汤普森，但由于密西西比州已完成初选，今年恐怕为时已晚。
佛罗里达州也已着手重划该州众议院选区，为共和党额外拿下四个席位，这一行动早在最高法院此次裁决之前就已启动。
早在本周的裁决之前，就有多个州在竞争激烈的2026年中期选举前夕启动了罕见的中期选区重划工作。
得克萨斯州议员去年夏天将五个民主党选区的格局向有利于共和党方向调整，加利福尼亚州则随之将五个共和党掌控的选区向左倾斜。密苏里州和北卡罗来纳州各将一个民主党选区向右调整，而上个月弗吉尼亚州选民通过了一项法案，新增四个有利于民主党人的选区。
Tennessee and Alabama take steps to redraw House maps in wake of Supreme Court ruling
May 1, 2026 / 8:32 PM EDT / CBS News
The Republican governors of Tennessee and Alabama called state lawmakers into special sessions on Friday, initial steps in what could be a scramble across multiple southern states to redraw congressional maps after the Supreme Court narrowed the Voting Rights Act.
Depending on how state officials proceed and whether courts intervene, legislators may try to split up Tennessee’s sole Democratic district and eliminate one of Alabama’s two blue seats.
Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee convened a special session that will start Tuesday, writing in a statement Friday that lawmakers “owe it to Tennesseans to ensure our congressional districts accurately reflect the will of Tennessee voters.”
Lee said any changes to Tennessee’s map “must be enacted as soon as possible.” The state has primaries scheduled for Aug. 6 in this year’s congressional elections, though the deadline for candidates to qualify for the primary ballot was in March.
GOP Sen. Marsha Blackburn, who is running for governor of Tennessee, has called on state lawmakers to draw a map that gives Republicans an edge in all nine of the state’s congressional districts, splitting up the Memphis-area district held by Democratic Rep. Steve Cohen. President Trump has strongly urged Lee to redraw the state’s map to give Republicans “one extra seat.”
Meanwhile in Alabama, Gov. Kay Ivey called a special legislative session starting Monday to potentially schedule special primary elections if a new House map is implemented.
Ivey said she wants the state to be “prepared should the courts act quickly enough” for the House map to be changed in time for this year’s elections. The state’s primaries are set for May 19, and the deadline for candidates to file was in January.
Alabama faces a complicated situation due to years of litigation over its congressional districts. The Supreme Court ruled in 2023 that Alabama’s House map violated the Voting Rights Act, and later that year, a three-judge panel rejected another map that was crafted by state lawmakers. A court-appointed expert then drew a fresh map, resulting in two House districts where Black voters make up a significant portion of the electorate, both held by Democrats.
If permitted by the courts, Ivey said she is aiming to return to the state legislature’s 2023 map, which had one majority-Black, Democratic-leaning House seat.
Under a court injunction issued last year, Alabama’s existing map is required to remain in place until after the 2030 Census. But state Attorney General Steve Marshall on Thursday asked the Supreme Court to vacate the lower court ruling that struck down lawmakers’ 2023 map, citing the high court’s decision earlier this week.
The gambit was made possible by the Supreme Court’s decision Wednesday in Louisiana v. Callais. In a 6-3 ruling, the high court struck down a Louisiana map that includes two majority-Black House districts, upholding a lower court ruling that found state lawmakers relied too heavily on race.
Louisiana officials reacted Thursday by moving to suspend its House primaries scheduled for later this month, potentially setting the stage to draw a new map.
But the ruling’s impacts are expected to stretch well beyond Louisiana because, in effect, it narrowed a portion of the 1965 Voting Rights Act that had previously been interpreted to require states to draw districts where minority groups make up a majority in some circumstances. Now, districts only violate the Voting Rights Act when there is a “strong inference that intentional discrimination occurred,” Justice Samuel Alito wrote in the majority opinion.
Beyond Alabama and Tennessee, legislators in Mississippi are planning to hold a special session to redraw the state’s Supreme Court districts. Some state officials have suggested also redrawing the state’s U.S. House maps to unseat Democratic Rep. Benny Thompson, though it might be too late for this year because Mississippi has already held its primary elections.
Florida has also moved to redraw its House maps and give the GOP an edge in four more seats, an effort that was launched prior to the Supreme Court’s ruling.
Well before this week’s ruling, several states had launched rare mid-decade redistricting efforts ahead of the hotly contested 2026 midterm elections.
Texas lawmakers shifted five Democratic districts toward the GOP last summer, and California reacted by moving five of its Republican-held districts leftward. Missouri and North Carolina shifted one Democratic district apiece to the right, and last month, Virginia voters approved a measure to create four new districts that favor Democrats.
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