2026年4月28日 / 美国东部时间上午7:23 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（CBS News）
作者：卡特里娜·考夫曼
当周六晚特朗普总统在宴会厅出席白宫记者协会晚宴时，华盛顿希尔顿酒店内响起枪声，这家酒店充满传奇色彩的总统历史往事也随之被唤起。
1981年3月30日，罗纳德·里根总统在离开酒店时险些丧命。约翰·欣克利二世掏出一把.22口径左轮手枪，在1.7秒内连开六枪，距离仅15英尺。此前他刚在宴会厅为美国劳工联合会-产业工会联合会的工会成员发表演讲，并用一句耳熟能详的话结束了发言：“我们将一起让美国再次伟大。”
《“未命名”：里根遇刺案内幕》（“Rawhide”是里根特勤局的代号）的作者德尔·威尔伯透露，当时美国特勤局局长杰里·帕尔迅速做出反应，将里根推上豪华轿车。帕尔儿时曾看过里根出演的电影，这激发了他成为特勤局特工的志向。
但威尔伯表示，欣克利的第六发子弹“打在豪华轿车侧面，被压扁到硬币大小，从车门和门框之间1.5英寸宽的缝隙滑入，击中了里根”。
子弹击中了白宫新闻秘书詹姆斯·布雷迪的头部，导致他终身瘫痪；击中了华盛顿特区警官托马斯·德莱哈蒂的背部；还击中了特勤局特工蒂姆·麦卡锡的胸部。
1981年3月30日，华盛顿特区华盛顿希尔顿酒店外，罗纳德·里根总统遇刺时，警察和特勤局特工在惊慌失措的人群中俯身保护他。赫尔顿档案/盖蒂图片社
里根遇刺案示意图： lone assailant在华盛顿希尔顿酒店VIP出口前开枪，击中里根和另外三人（A、B、C、D），枪手在出口附近当场被捕。贝特曼档案
“铭记他当时离死亡有多近至关重要，”总统历史学家、里根研究所高级研究员特维·特洛伊说道。他回忆起里根不顾危重病情坚持走进医院，随后在院内晕倒的场景。“他强撑着不让全国民众陷入恐慌，以为他已经离世。”
这次刺杀企图是华盛顿希尔顿酒店——以及总统安保体系的关键转折点。
希尔顿酒店的总统吸引力
自酒店开业以来，多位总统都曾光顾。这座翼状造型、看起来像飞鸟展翅的酒店从设计之初就旨在吸引总统到访，内设秘密通道、安全屋和宽敞的宴会厅。
酒店开业于约翰·F·肯尼迪总统遇刺16个月后。几年后，白宫记者协会晚宴首次在此举办，并从此成为一项延续至今的传统。
“那怎么才能请动总统前来？”威尔伯说道。“很简单，给他单独准备一个入口。他们在T街专门修建了一个独立入口，非常气派。那里有螺旋楼梯向下，还有专属电梯，还有一间供他使用的预备室——在当时还没有完善的无线通信技术时，这里就已经铺设了直通白宫的通讯线路。”
“枪击事件发生后，特朗普就是被直接带到了这间预备室。这里没有窗户，位于地下，当初修建它就是为了吸引总统到访。总统们经常来这里，”他补充道。“还有一条安全走廊，从这个掩体式预备室一直延伸到顶层。就像是他专属的走廊，从这里可以直达演讲场地。”
这座宴会厅是华盛顿特区最大的宴会厅之一。自林登·约翰逊时代起，总统们每年都会在此发表数次演讲。2024年4月，时任总统拜登曾在8天内在此发表三场演讲。这里还曾承办全国祈祷早餐会、第一夫人午餐会以及多场就职舞会。
2009年1月20日，华盛顿特区，巴拉克·奥巴马总统与第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马在参加MTV与服务国家组织：“来自年轻人的现场直播”就职舞会前，在华盛顿希尔顿酒店查看墙上的照片。大卫·休姆·肯纳利/盖蒂图片社
理查德·尼克松、巴拉克·奥巴马、乔治·W·布什、比尔·克林顿以及里根都曾在此出席就职舞会。
安保措施调整
但里根遇刺时存在一个安保漏洞——总统离开酒店后，必须走到室外才能登上豪华轿车。后来希尔顿酒店对此进行了整改，修建了一座带有安全门的掩体式车库，确保总统不会暴露在公共视野中。
“罗纳德·里根遇刺事件推动了特勤局安保体系的全方位变革，”威尔伯说道。“他们开始在所有活动中使用金属探测器。此前有不少反对声音，因为这会严重干扰活动流程，让政客难以接触民众。捐赠者尤其怨声载道。他们调整了安保人员配置，甚至在以前从未设置过金属探测器的白宫也加装了该设备。”
45年后的2025年，科尔·托马斯·艾伦被指携带泵动式霰弹枪和.38口径手枪，试图闯过金属探测器进入酒店宴会厅，企图刺杀特朗普。一份宣誓书披露了相关细节。
艾伦的所谓“宣言”被哥伦比亚广播公司新闻获取，其中称“政府官员”是目标，“按职级从高到低排序”，但卡什·帕特里克除外。
“非常反常”的作案模式
这是针对特朗普的第三次刺杀企图。
今年2月，瑞安·劳斯因在2024年大选期间密谋在佛罗里达州西棕榈滩的特朗普国际高尔夫俱乐部刺杀特朗普，被判处终身监禁。2024年7月，托马斯·克鲁克斯在宾夕法尼亚州巴特勒的一场竞选集会上试图刺杀特朗普，子弹擦伤了他的耳朵。
“出现多起刺杀企图非常反常，”特洛伊说道。“杰拉尔德·福特曾在一个月内在加利福尼亚州遭遇两次刺杀企图。我想不出近期还有哪位总统遭遇过更多的刺杀威胁。”
里根在遇刺后曾为欣克利祈祷，在日记中表达了对这名未遂刺客的同情。“我开始为他的灵魂祈祷，希望他能迷途知返，”他写道。
欣克利因精神失常被判无罪。他行刺总统的动机是为了吸引女演员朱迪·福斯特的注意。
这一判决引发了公众强烈抗议，也对联邦精神失常辩护条款产生了影响——推动了举证责任的转变。1984年的《精神失常辩护法案》修改了精神失常判定标准，将举证责任转移给被告，由其证明自己精神失常。而在欣克利案中，检方需要以排除合理怀疑的标准证明被告精神正常。
欣克利在华盛顿特区圣伊丽莎白医院被关押了三十多年，最终于2016年获释。2022年，他接受了哥伦比亚广播公司新闻华盛顿分社社长梅杰·加勒特的首次电视专访。
“我为自己的所作所为感到无比愧疚，我对自己的行为深感懊悔，”欣克利说道。“如果能一切重来，我一定会阻止自己那么做。”
1981年9月，也就是遇刺事件发生约6个月后，里根首次重返华盛顿希尔顿酒店，参加一场慈善舞会。他在简短的发言中并未提及枪击事件，但他的豪华轿车通过新建的车库出入口进出酒店。
特朗普坚称，白宫记者协会晚宴应在30天内改期，并加强安保措施。
枪击事件当晚，记者们聚集在白宫新闻简报室，有些人还身着黑色领结礼服。
“我们会再办一次晚宴，”特朗普说道。
White House Correspondents’ Dinner shooting again put Washington Hilton at center of presidential history
April 28, 2026 / 7:23 AM EDT / CBS News
By Katrina Kaufman
When shots rang out at the Washington Hilton as President Trump sat in the ballroom for the White House Correspondents’ Association Dinner on Saturday night, there were echoes of the hotel’s storied presidential history.
On March 30, 1981, President Ronald Reagan nearly died after John Hinckley Jr. pulled out a .22 caliber revolver and unleashed six shots in 1.7 seconds, from a mere 15 feet away, as the president was leaving the hotel. He had come from addressing union members of the AFL-CIO in the ballroom, ending his remarks with a familiar line: “Together we’ll make America great again.”
Lead U.S. Secret Service agent Jerry Parr — who was inspired to become an agent after seeing Reagan play one in a film as a boy – acted quickly to throw Reagan in the limousine, according to Del Wilbur, author of “Rawhide Down” (Rawhide was Reagan’s Secret Service code name).
View of police officers and Secret Service agents as they dive to protect President Ronald Reagan amid a panicked crowd during an assassination attempt (by John Hinckley Jr) outside the Washington Hilton Hotel, Washington DC, March 30,1981. Hulton Archive / Getty Images
But, said Wilbur, Hinckley’s sixth shot “slaps against the side of the limousine, flattens to the size of a dime, slips through a gap an inch and a half wide between the door and the door frame and hits Reagan.”
Bullets hit White House press secretary James Brady in the head — paralyzing him, D.C. police officer Thomas Delehanty in the back, and U.S. Secret Service agent Tim McCarthy in the chest.
Diagram depicts assassination attempt on Pres. Reagan. Reagan and three others (A,B,C,D) were shot in front of the VIP exit at the Washington Hilton Hotel by a lone assailant, who was captured on the spot near the exit. Bettmann
“It’s important to remember how close he came to dying,” said Tevi Troy, a presidential historian and senior fellow at the Reagan Institute, recalling how the president insisted on walking into the hospital despite his grave condition, then collapsed inside. “He rallied so the nation wouldn’t panic and think he was dying.”
The assassination attempt was a pivotal moment for the Washington Hilton – and for presidential security.
The Hilton’s presidential attraction
Journalists report from outside of the Washington Hilton Hotel on April 26, 2026. Tasos Katopodis / Getty Images
Since its inception, presidents have frequented the Washington Hilton. A wing-shaped building that looks like a bird in flight, the hotel was designed to attract them, featuring a secret passageway, safe room, and spacious ballroom.
The hotel opened 16 months after President John F. Kennedy was assassinated. A few years later, the White House Correspondents’ Association Dinner was held there for the first time and became a tradition that has continued ever since.
“So how do you get the president to go?” said Wilbur. “Well, you make sure he has his own entrance. They built a whole separate entrance on T Street. And it’s beautiful. There’s a spiral staircase down. There’s a personal elevator. And there’s a holding room down there for him that, at the time before all these great wireless communications, they had wired to communicate with the White House.”
“So that’s where they took Trump right after, to that holding room. No windows, subterranean, and they built that just to attract the president. And the president went there all the time,” he added. “There’s a safe hallway that goes from the bunker, that holding room, all the way to the top. It’s like his own hallway that leads from that to the speech.”
The ballroom is one of the largest in Washington, D.C. Presidents speak there several times a year – and have since Lyndon Johnson. In April 2024, then-President Biden appeared for three speeches in eight days. It has been home to the National Prayer Breakfast, the First Lady’s Luncheon, and inaugural balls.
President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama look at their photos on the wall at the Hilton Washington prior to the MTV & ServiceNation: Live From The Youth Inaugural Ball on January 20, 2009 in Washington, DC. David Hume Kennerly / Getty Images
Presidents Richard Nixon, Barack Obama, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Reagan have all attended Inaugural Balls there.
Security adjustments made
But when Reagan was shot, there was a vulnerability point – as the president exited the hotel, he had to step outside to reach his limo. The Hilton later remedied that by constructing a bunker-like garage with a secure door, so the president is not exposed.
FBI agents are seen at the Washington Hilton after shots were fired during the White House Correspondents dinner at the Washington Hilton in Washington, DC, on April 25, 2025. Alex Wroblewski /AFP via Getty Images
“The assassination attempt on Ronald Reagan led to all sorts of changes in Secret Service security,” said Wilbur. “They started using magnetometers at all events. There had been a lot of pressure not to do that because it really disrupted events and kept politicians away from people. People complained a lot. Donors, especially, complained a lot. They started staffing differently. They even added magnetometers to the White House, where they hadn’t been before.”
Forty-five years later, Cole Tomas Allen attempted to rush through a magnetometer into the hotel’s ballroom in an alleged attempt to assassinate Mr. Trump, carrying a pump action shotgun and a .38 caliber pistol, according to an affidavit.
Allen’s alleged “manifesto,” obtained by CBS News, stated that “administration officials” were targets “prioritized from highest-ranking to lowest,” with the exception of Kash Patel.
“Very unusual” pattern
It was the third alleged attempt on Mr. Trump’s life.
In February, Ryan Routh was sentenced to life in prison for plotting to assassinate him at the Trump International Golf Club in West Palm Beach, Florida, during the 2024 election campaign. Thomas Crooks attempted to assassinate Mr. Trump at a campaign rally in Butler, Pennsylvania, grazing his ear with a bullet, in July 2024.
“It’s very unusual to have multiple attempts,” said Troy. “Gerald Ford had two attempts in California in a one-month period. I can’t think of any recent president that’s had more attempts on his life.”
Reagan prayed for Hinckley after the shooting, expressing compassion for his would-be assassin in his diary. “I began to pray for his soul and that he would find his way back to the fold,” he wrote.
Hinckley was found not guilty by reason of insanity. His attempt to kill the president had been an effort to attract the attention of actress Jodie Foster.
His acquittal, which led to a public outcry, had an impact on the federal insanity defense — leading to a shift in the burden of proof. The Insanity Defense Act of 1984 changed the standard for insanity, putting the burden of proof on the defendant to prove insanity. In Hinckley’s case, prosecutors had to prove sanity beyond a reasonable doubt.
Hinckley spent more than three decades at St. Elizabeth’s Hospital in Washington, D.C., before being released in 2016. His first television interview was with CBS News chief Washington correspondent Major Garrett in 2022.
“I feel terrible for what I did. I have remorse for what I did,” said Hinckley. “If I could take it all back, I would.”
Reagan returned for the first time to the Washington Hilton in September of 1981 for a charity ball, about six months after he was wounded in the assassination attempt. He did not mention the shooting in his brief remarks, but his limousine entered and left the hotel through the new garage entrance.
Mr. Trump has insisted that the White House Correspondents’ Dinner should be rescheduled within 30 days, with increased security.
On the night of the shooting, reporters gathered in the White House press briefing room, some still dressed in black tie.
“We’re going to do it again,” said Mr. Trump.
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