2026年4月22日 / 美国东部时间早上7:03 / 哥伦比亚广播公司/法新社
根据本周发布的一项研究，在水中接触可卡因的三文鱼比未接触的同类游动距离更远。
可卡因的使用在全球呈上升趋势，联合国报告显示2023年约有2500万人使用过这类兴奋剂，且水道中越来越频繁地检测到该药物。
澳大利亚格里菲斯大学与瑞典农业科学大学的科学家联合开展的研究于周一发布，旨在探究该药物对野生鱼类在自然栖息地内活动的影响。
研究人员在瑞典维纳恩湖捕获了105条野生大西洋三文鱼，将它们分别暴露于可卡因以及可卡因在肝脏中代谢产生的苯甲酰爱康宁环境中，随后追踪它们的活动轨迹。
研究发现，接触这类药物的三文鱼每周游动距离是未接触的对照组同类的1.9倍。
研究显示，接触代谢物的三文鱼每周游动距离还会多出7.6英里。
“动物行为出现任何非自然变化都令人担忧，”该报告的合著者、格里菲斯大学澳大利亚河流研究所的马库斯·米凯拉杰利对澳大利亚国家广播公司ABC表示。
“我们在水道中发现的非法药物以及各类药物污染物的浓度越来越高。”
研究人员警告称，普通药物造成的水体污染“对生物多样性构成重大且日益加剧的风险”。
“可卡因影响鱼类的说法可能听起来令人意外，但现实是野生动物每天都在接触各种各样人类使用过的药物，”米凯拉杰利说。“令人意外的不是这项实验，而是我们水道中早已存在的真实情况。”
瑞典农业科学大学的副教授迈克尔·伯特伦表示，这项研究表明有必要改进废水处理和监测工作。
“我们的研究表明，药物问题不仅是社会问题，也是实实在在的环境挑战，”他说。
上月发布的另一项研究发现，巴哈马海域的鲨鱼体内含有咖啡因、止痛药和可卡因等物质。
“尽管检测到可卡因这类违禁物质往往会立刻引发关注，但在许多被分析的鲨鱼血液中广泛存在的咖啡因和药物成分同样令人担忧，”该研究的主要作者娜塔莎·沃斯尼克对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示。“这些都是合法物质，日常被大量使用且常被忽视，但它们对环境的影响已清晰可查。”
在2024年的另一项研究中，科学家报告称巴西近海的鲨鱼体内检测出可卡因和苯甲酰爱康宁呈阳性。
Salmon exposed to cocaine swim almost twice as far as those without, study shows
April 22, 2026 / 7:03 AM EDT / CBS/AFP
Salmon exposed to cocaine in the water swim longer distances than those that go without, according to a study released this week.
Cocaine use is on the rise worldwide, with the U.N. reporting an estimated 25 million people used the stimulant in 2023 and the drug being increasingly found in waterways.
Joint research released Monday by scientists at Australia’s Griffith University and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences studied how the drug affected the movements of wild fish in their natural habitats.
Researchers took 105 wild Atlantic salmon in Sweden’s Lake Vattern and exposed them to both cocaine and benzoylecgonine — a metabolite created by the drug in the liver — and then tracked their movements.
They found the river-dwellers exposed to the drugs traveled 1.9 times farther per week than their clean-living control cousins.
Those exposed to the by-product also swam 7.6 miles farther, the study found.
“Any unnatural change in animal behavior is a concern,” report co-author Marcus Michelangeli from Griffith University’s Australian Rivers Institute told national broadcaster ABC.
“We’re finding higher and higher concentrations of not just illicit drugs but all types of pharmaceuticals in our waterways.”
Researchers have warned the pollution of waters by common drugs poses “a major and escalating risk to biodiversity.”
“The idea of cocaine affecting fish might seem surprising, but the reality is that wildlife is already being exposed to a wide range of human-derived drugs every day,” Michelangeli said. “The unusual part is not the experiment, it’s what’s already happening in our waterways.”
Associate professor Michael Bertram at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences said the study showed the need for improving wastewater treatment and monitoring.
“Our study shows that drugs are not only a societal issue, but also a concrete environmental challenge,” he said.
A separate study released last month found that sharks in the Bahamas are consuming substances including caffeine, painkillers and cocaine.
“While the detection of cocaine — an illicit substance — tends to draw immediate attention, the widespread presence of caffeine and pharmaceuticals in the blood of many analyzed sharks is equally alarming,” lead author Natascha Wosnick told CBS News. “These are legal substances, routinely consumed and often overlooked, yet their environmental footprint is clearly detectable.”
In another study from 2024, scientists reported that sharks in the waters off Brazil tested positive for cocaine and benzoylecgonine.
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