2026年4月20日 / 美国东部时间下午12:40 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
德黑兰 —— 伊朗庞大的犹太人群体和这个伊斯兰共和国的其他民众一样，陷入了美以与伊朗的战争漩涡之中。对部分人来说，这场战争带来了独特的内心挣扎。
伊朗官员上周允许哥伦比亚广播公司新闻及其他几家外国媒体走访德黑兰市中心的主要犹太会堂之一，几位不愿透露真实姓名的伊朗犹太人在此分享了他们对这场持续七周战争的愤怒与焦虑。
据信伊朗境内目前约有1.2万名犹太裔伊朗人。即便不是中东地区规模最大的犹太社群，也算得上是以色列以外最大的犹太社群之一。
2026年4月16日，在德黑兰市中心苏卡特·沙洛姆会堂举办的有组织媒体活动中，伊朗高级拉比尤尼斯·哈马米·拉拉扎尔接受记者采访。哥伦比亚广播公司新闻/赛义德·巴塔伊 摄
这一人数远低于1979年伊斯兰革命掌权前的约10万乃至更多。自那以后，由于包括不平等待遇带来的焦虑在内的多种原因，该社群人数不断减少——伊朗政府对此予以否认，坚称犹太人可以公开开展宗教活动，不必担心遭受迫害。
71岁的亚库布是一位祖父，在伊朗首都经营一家小店。他起初不愿与美国媒体交谈，但最终同意分享自己的看法。
他表示，犹太人面临着“无处不在的限制，这个国家自然也不例外。比如无法在政府或武装部队就职”。
伊朗的司法体系对犹太公民和穆斯林公民并不平等，例如，穆斯林受害者获得的经济赔偿更高。由于伊朗与以色列长期敌对，旅行限制也使得伊朗犹太裔无法前往以色列参加宗教节日活动。
但亚库布告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻：“总而言之，我很高兴也很满足能生活在伊朗。”
今年2月底以色列和美国对伊朗发动战争时，亚库布说，“我的心情非常奇怪，脑海里充满了矛盾的想法，不知道自己属于哪一方，应该支持哪一方，但最终我对自己的国家、自己的出生地和根源有着强烈的归属感。”
他说，父亲多年前曾告诉他：“我们是伊朗犹太人，不是那些只是住在伊朗的犹太人。”
2026年4月16日的一场媒体活动中，伊朗德黑兰市中心苏卡特·沙洛姆会堂内部景象可见，拉比布道的讲台上摆放着伊朗已故最高领袖的照片。哥伦比亚广播公司新闻/赛义德·巴塔伊 摄
对于德黑兰37岁的母亲黛博拉来说，战争期间本国政府将反犹太主义与反以色列言论捆绑在一起的做法让她深感困扰。
“我无法支持这场战争，但在反以色列宣传中悄然出现的反犹太言论伤害了我的感情，”在伊朗医疗行业工作的黛博拉告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻。“伊朗官方的说法是他们反对以色列和犹太复国主义，但我在宣传歌曲、宗教集会中听到了不间断的反犹太和反犹太教言论，国家电视台和其他官方媒体全天候都在播放这些内容。”
“当然，我对以色列和美国袭击伊朗感到不满，因为我认为自己是伊朗人，而不是以色列人，”黛博拉补充说，美以发动打击时她和家人本有可能离开德黑兰，但由于家中一位老人需要持续的医疗护理，他们没能成行。
“我也不得不继续工作，因为医疗人员短缺，”她说。“我感觉，当炸弹落下时，它们不会区分任何宗教的信徒，犹太人被杀的可能性和穆斯林、基督徒、琐罗亚斯德教徒或其他任何信仰的人一样高。”
“我只希望所有交战国家都能恢复和平，如果伊朗政府和以色列政府能够摒弃分歧，坐下来通过对话而非枪炮解决问题，我将深表感激，”黛博拉说。“我知道这是一厢情愿，但无论如何这都是我的梦想！”
31岁的萨拉说，她有一份不错的工作，作为医疗技术员维修医院的CT扫描仪。
“我不喜欢战争，据我所知，我身边的人也没有人支持战争，但我不理解那些走上街头高呼要摧毁一个国家的人，哪怕那个国家是以色列，哪怕它是敌人，”萨拉在德黑兰市中心的苏卡特·沙洛姆会堂告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻。“我绝对认为自己是百分之百的伊朗人，不想离开我的祖国。然而，我无法认同针对任何民族或国家的无休止战争叫嚣。我只是不明白他们为什么不能和平解决问题。”
“我不是空想家，我知道政治问题是严肃的，两国之间的怨恨深深植根于意识形态之中，”她说。“我恳求两国政府冷静下来，让我们和平生活。”
For Jewish Iranians, war with Israel brings a flood of mixed emotions
April 20, 2026 / 12:40 PM EDT / CBS News
Tehran — Iran’s significant Jewish population has been caught in the crossfire along with the rest of the Islamic Republic’s population amid the U.S.-Israeli war with their country. For some, it’s brought a unique sense of internal struggle.
Iranian officials allowed CBS News and some other foreign media outlets access to visit one of the main synagogues in central Tehran last week, where a few Iranian Jews — who asked not to be identified by their real names — shared their anger and anxiety about the seven-week war.
There are believed to be some 12,000 Jewish Iranians in the country. It is one of the biggest Jewish communities, if not the biggest, in the Middle East outside of Israel.
Senior Iranian Rabbi Younes Hamami Lalezar speaks with news reporters during an organized media event at the Sukkat Shalom Synagogue in central Tehran, April 16, 2026. CBS News/Seyed Bathaei
It’s a significantly smaller number than the estimated 100,000 or more who lived in the country before the Islamic Republic came to power with the 1979 revolution. From that time, the community has shrunk for various reasons, including anxiety over unequal treatment — which the government denies, insisting that Jews are allowed to practice their religion openly and without fear of persecution.
Yacub, 71, a grandfather who owns a small shop in the Iranian capital, was initially reluctant to speak with an American news outlet, but he eventually agreed to share his perspective.
He said there are restrictions facing Jewish people “everywhere, and naturally there are in this country, too. Things like not being able to get employed within the government or armed forces.”
Iran’s judiciary system doesn’t treat Jewish and Muslim citizens equally, with monetary compensation for Muslims victimized by crimes being higher, for instance. Due to the longstanding animosity between Iran and Israel, travel restrictions mean Jewish Iranians are also unable to visit Israel to attend religious festivals.
But Yacub told CBS News, “All in all, I am happy and satisfied to be living in Iran.”
When Israel and the U.S. launched their war with Iran at the end of February, Yacub said “it was a very strange feeling, and full of contradictory ideas in my mind about which side I belonged to and which one I should support, but at the end I had very strong feelings toward my country, my birthplace and the roots of mine.”
He said his father had told him years ago that “we are Iranian Jews, and not some Jews who just live in Iran.”
A view inside the Sukkat Shalom Synagogue in central Tehran, Iran, shows a photo of Iran’s late Supreme Leader on the platform from which the rabbi delivers sermons, during a media event on April 16, 2026. CBS News/Seyed Bathaei
For Deborah, a 37-year-old mother in Tehran, the intertwining of antisemitism with anti-Israel rhetoric from her country’s government has been troubling during the war.
“I can’t support this war, but the anti-Jewish rhetoric that is creeping in amid the anti-Israel propaganda is hurting my feelings,” Deborah, who works in Iran’s health care industry, told CBS News. “The official Iran government narrative is that they are against Israel and Zionism, but I hear a nonstop narrative against Jews and Judaism that is in their propaganda songs and their religious gatherings, and the state TV and other state media are airing it 24/7.”
“Of course, I am not happy that Israel and the U.S. attacked Iran, since I consider myself as an Iranian not an Israeli,” said Deborah, who added that she and her family might have left Tehran when the U.S.-Israeli strikes started, but they couldn’t due to an elderly family member needing ongoing medical treatment.
“I also had to work as there were shortages of medical staff,” she said. “I felt like, when all the bombs were coming down, that they would not distinguish between the followers of any religion, and Jews could be killed just as easily as Muslims or Christians or Zoroastrians or basically any other faith.”
“I just hope that peace will be restored between all engaged countries, and I will be deeply thankful if the Iranian government and Israeli governments could forget their differences and sit at a table to discuss and finally solve their problems through dialogue, not guns,” Deborah said. “I know it’s wishful thinking, but that is my dream anyway!”
Sarah, 31, said she had a good job as a medical technician repairing hospitals’ CT scan machines.
“I am not a fan of war, and as far as I hear people around me, nobody else is pro-war either, but I don’t understand those people who come to the streets to chant for the destruction of a country, even if it is Israel, even if it is an enemy,” Sarah told CBS News at the Sukkat Shalom synagogue, in central Tehran. “I definitely consider myself to be 100% Iranian, and don’t want to leave my country. However, I cannot approve of the endless war-mongering against any people or country. I just don’t understand why they can’t resolve their problems peacefully instead.”
“I am not a dreamer, and I understand that the political issues are serious matters and the resentment among both countries are deeply rooted in ideology,” she said. “I am begging both governments, just calm down and let us live in peace.”
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