2026年4月15日 / 美国东部时间上午9:48 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（CBS News）
作者：凯特琳·伊莱克 政治记者
凯特琳·伊莱克是CBSNews.com驻华盛顿特区的政治记者。她曾就职于《华盛顿考察家报》和《国会山报》，并曾入选美国国家新闻基金会2022年保罗·米勒华盛顿报道奖学金项目。
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华盛顿讯——一项关键的监控权限，即被称为《外国情报监控法》第702条的间谍工具，将于下周一到期，目前在众议院面临重大阻碍。
该法案的支持者强调，随着与伊朗的战争持续，绝不能让这项监控工具失效。国家安全官员长期以来一直认为，第702条对于防范恐怖袭击至关重要。但两党反对者都担心，该法案允许联邦当局无需搜查令就能查看美国人的通信内容。
众议院共和党领导人将全院投票推迟到4月20日的最后期限前几天举行，因为众议院多个派系反对在未进行额外改革的情况下续签该法案，这使其通过的前景变得不确定。
第702条上一次在2024年续签了两年有效期，此前联邦调查局的一系列滥用职权行为曾让该条款濒临失效。该条款于2008年首次获得授权，允许政府在无需搜查令的情况下收集位于美国境外的非公民的通信内容，但同时也可能顺带收集到与目标外国人有联系的美国人的数据。
特朗普政府正推动在不做任何修改的情况下将该法案续签18个月。特朗普总统周二呼吁共和党人团结一致，推动这项无附加条件的延期法案通过原本预计在周三举行的党派程序性投票。
总统于周二晚间会见了一些持怀疑态度的共和党议员。白宫一名官员告诉CBS新闻，这是一场“富有成效的讨论，我们期待开展更多对话”。中央情报局局长约翰·拉特克利夫周三上午出席了众议院共和党会议，政府继续倡导无附加条件的续签。
众议院保守派核心小组主席、马里兰州共和党众议员安迪·哈里斯表示，他预计程序性投票会失败。
“如果是无附加条件的续签……它不会获得足够票数，”哈里斯周二说道。
众议院议长、路易斯安那州共和党人迈克·约翰逊周二表示，不允许提出修正案投票，因为“这会危及法案的通过”。
“目前这项法案太过重要，”约翰逊说道。
但约翰逊似乎接受比18个月更短的延期期限，他告诉记者“对我来说，时间长短并不那么重要”。
特朗普的请求提出几个小时后，众议院规则委员会召开了会议。曾是FISA改革主要倡导者的众议院司法委员会主席、俄亥俄州共和党众议员吉姆·乔丹在会上为无附加条件的续签进行了辩护。乔丹表示，2024年通过的数十项改革已经大幅减少了滥用行为。
“如今的项目已经截然不同，”乔丹说道，他提到了改革内容，包括加强对联邦调查局查询行为的监督，以及在查询美国公民信息前需获得批准。
规则委员会的保守派人士最终在周二晚些时候允许该法案在委员会中获得通过，为其进入全院审议铺平了道路。
这项续签法案仍然面临两党议员的反对，他们给出了诸多无法支持该法案的理由，其中最主要的一点是该法案允许对美国人进行无搜查令的监控。共和党众议员劳伦·博伯特对续签的立场是“必须要有搜查令，否则免谈”——她和其他议员呼吁，如果情报官员想要查询美国人的通信信息，必须获得司法搜查令。
拉特克利夫在3月的一场听证会上告诉众议院情报委员会，应该“考虑对该法律进行一些改革”，但“搜查令并不是其中之一”。
“搜查令行不通，”拉特克利夫说道，“你必须迅速做出决定，有时甚至要在数小时内做出判断。”
一些民主党人也对在未对特朗普政府增设额外保障措施的情况下续签该法案持犹豫态度。众议院司法委员会资深民主党议员、马里兰州众议员杰米·拉斯金周二表示，相信特朗普政府会按初衷执行法律是“愚蠢的”，如果不进行改革，他不会投票支持续签。
佛罗里达州共和党众议员安娜·波琳娜·卢娜呼吁将一项与选举相关的《拯救美国法案》附加到续签法案中，以此换取她的支持。
跨党派议员还希望禁止情报机构在未获得搜查令的情况下，从第三方数据经纪人处购买美国人的数据。众议院情报委员会资深民主党议员、康涅狄格州众议员吉姆·海姆斯周二表示，这个问题是国会“确实需要辩论的重要议题”，但他表示“这与FISA第702条完全无关”。
“FISA第702条并未授权购买任何可商用数据，”他说道。
海姆斯补充道，国会续签该项目至关重要，他称这是“最重要的情报权限”。
“第702条根本没有替代方案，让它到期失效将带来毁灭性后果，”他说道。
Controversial surveillance program faces uncertain future ahead of House vote
April 15, 2026 / 9:48 AM EDT / CBS News
By Caitlin Yilek Politics Reporter
Caitlin Yilek is a politics reporter at CBSNews.com, based in Washington, D.C. She previously worked for the Washington Examiner and The Hill, and was a member of the 2022 Paul Miller Washington Reporting Fellowship with the National Press Foundation.
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Washington — A key surveillance authority, the spy tool known as Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, faces major obstacles in the House ahead of its expiration next Monday.
Proponents of its renewal stress that it’s imperative that the surveillance tool not be allowed to lapse as the war with Iran continues. National security officials have long argued Section 702 is essential for preventing terrorist attacks. But opponents from both parties worry that it allows federal authorities to look at Americans’ communications without a search warrant.
House GOP leaders pushed off a floor vote until days before the April 20 deadline as several factions in the lower chamber oppose its renewal without additional reforms, making its passage uncertain.
Section 702 was last renewed for two years in 2024 after a series of abuses by the FBI led it to the brink of expiration. The provision was first authorized in 2008 and allows the government to collect the communications of noncitizens located outside the U.S. without a warrant, though it can also sweep up the data of Americans who are in contact with targeted foreigners.
The Trump administration is pushing an 18-month reauthorization of the law without any changes. President Trump on Tuesday urged Republican unity to help propel the clean extension through a party-line procedural vote that was initially expected Wednesday.
The president met with some skeptical GOP lawmakers Tuesday night. A White House official told CBS News it was a “productive discussion and we look forward to additional conversations.” CIA Director John Ratcliffe attended a House Republican Conference meeting Wednesday morning as the administration continues to advocate for a clean renewal.
GOP Rep. Andy Harris of Maryland, the chairman of the conservative House Freedom Caucus, said he expects the procedural vote to fail.
“If it’s clean … it doesn’t have the votes,” Harris said Tuesday.
House Speaker Mike Johnson, a Louisiana Republican, said Tuesday that amendment votes would not be allowed because “it jeopardizes its passage.”
“It’s far too important right now,” Johnson said.
But Johnson appeared open to an extension shorter than 18 months, telling reporters “the timing is not as important to me.”
Mr. Trump’s request came hours before a House Rules Committee meeting, where GOP Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio, the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee who was once a leading voice for FISA reforms, defended a clean extension. Jordan said the dozens of reforms that were enacted in 2024 have cut down drastically on abuses.
“It’s a different program today,” Jordan said, pointing to the reforms that included more oversight of FBI queries and approval requirements before running a query on a U.S. citizen.
Conservatives on the Rules Committee ultimately allowed the measure to advance out of the committee late Tuesday, teeing it up for floor consideration.
The renewal still faces opposition from members on both sides of the aisle who have cited a number of reasons that they cannot support it, with warrantless surveillance of Americans at the top of the list. GOP Rep. Lauren Boebert’s stance on the renewal is “warrants or bust” — she and other lawmakers are calling for judicial warrants if intelligence officials want to search Americans’ messages.
Ratcliffe told the House Intelligence Committee during a March hearing that “some reforms” of the law “should be considered,” but “a warrant isn’t one of them.”
“A warrant won’t work,” Ratcliffe said. “You have to make decisions very quickly, and sometimes in a matter of hours.”
Some Democrats are also hesitant to renew the statute without additional guardrails on the Trump administration. Rep. Jamie Raskin of Maryland, the top Democrat on the House Judiciary Committee, said Tuesday that it would be “moronic” to trust the Trump administration to uphold the law as intended and he would not vote to renew it without reforms.
Republican Rep. Anna Paulina Luna of Florida has called for an elections-related bill known as the SAVE America Act to be attached to the reauthorization to gain her support.
Lawmakers across the political spectrum also want to prohibit intelligence agencies from purchasing Americans’ data from third-party brokers without a warrant. Rep. Jim Himes of Connecticut, the top Democrat of the House Intelligence Committee, said Tuesday that the issue is “really important” for Congress to debate, but said it “has absolutely nothing to do with FISA 702.”
“FISA 702 does not authorize any purchase of any commercially available data,” he said.
Himes added that it was critical for Congress to reauthorize the program, which he said was the “most important intelligence authority.”
“There is simply no alternative to Section 702 and allowing it to expire would be devastating,” he said.
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