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周三晚些时候，总统特朗普暗示，他避免将与伊朗的军事冲突描述为“战争”，因为他担心国会尚未授权军事行动。
“我不会使用‘战争’这个词，因为他们说，如果你使用‘战争’这个词，可能不是一件好事，”总统在众议院共和党筹款机构的活动上说，“他们不喜欢‘战争’这个词，因为你应该获得批准，所以我会使用‘军事行动’这个词，这才是它真正的本质。”
总统过去也曾避免使用这个术语，他周二表示，“人们不喜欢我使用‘战争’这个词，所以我不会用，但民主党人称之为战争。”本月早些时候，他曾告诉记者，他认为这场冲突是“一次远足，将使我们避免卷入战争。”他还经常辩称，伊朗的战争是一场短期冲突，他预计很快就能结束。
但特朗普先生有时也会称之为战争，包括在周三晚上的演讲中，他说：“战争本质上在我们进入后的几天就结束了。”
这个语义问题背后是一个法律问题，即总统上月对伊朗发动军事打击是否需要国会批准。
宪法赋予国会宣战权，但总统是武装部队总司令。20世纪70年代的《战争权力法案》通常将军事敌对行动限制在60天内，除非国会授权使用武力，尽管两党总统都在测试该法律的极限。特朗普辩称该法律违宪。
民主党议员辩称，特朗普未经国会授权就对伊朗发动打击，这是越权行为，并质疑伊朗是否对美国构成“迫在眉睫”的威胁。
战争开始以来，参议院民主党人已三次投票试图终止美国在伊朗的进攻，除非国会允许继续，但是这些投票因主要是共和党人的反对而未能通过。在周二的最新投票中，除宾夕法尼亚州参议员约翰·费特曼外，所有民主党人都投票支持限制特朗普在伊朗的战争权力，除肯塔基州参议员兰德·保罗外，所有共和党人都投票反对。
“我认为我们从未经历过这样的时刻，美国无疑正在与一个外国发生战争，美国士兵正在我们说话的同时死亡，而国会正在积极向公众隐瞒这一点，”康涅狄格州民主党参议员克里斯·墨菲在周二的程序性投票前表示，他是《战争权力决议》的提案人。
特朗普政府和大多数共和党人认为，由于伊朗导弹构成的威胁，这场战争在法律和宪法上是合理的。在行动开始后向国会发出的通知中，特朗普表示他“根据我的宪法权力作为总司令和首席执行官，开展美国的外交关系。”
“尽管我的政府多次努力实现外交解决方案以应对伊朗的恶意行为，但对美国及其盟友和合作伙伴的威胁变得无法维持，”特朗普在通知中写道。
几位国会共和党人呼应了特朗普的措辞。美国众议院议长迈克·约翰逊在美国和以色列开始打击伊朗后不久在新闻发布会上说：“我们现在没有处于战争状态。我们正处于一个非常具体、明确的任务的第四天。”
这不是第一次军事行动引发文字战争。2011年，当奥巴马总统对利比亚独裁者穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲发动空袭时，他的政府辩称不需要国会授权。当时，官员们试图分析这些打击是否算作“战争”。
“我认为我们正在做的是执行一项有明确目标的决议，即保护利比亚人民，避免人道主义危机并建立禁飞区，”副国家安全顾问本·罗兹在2011年的某个时候对记者说，指的是联合国安理会决议。“显然，这涉及动能军事行动，特别是在前端。但同样，我们承诺的性质是，我们不会陷入对利比亚的无限制战争或陆地入侵。”
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特朗普宣称取得进展，伊朗拒绝停火提议
特朗普称与伊朗取得进展，德黑兰拒绝停火提议 02:21
特朗普称与伊朗取得进展，德黑兰拒绝停火提议
(02:21)
Trump says he doesn’t want to call Iran conflict a “war” because of need for approval from Congress – CBS News
Updated on: March 25, 2026 / 11:59 PM EDT / CBS News
President Trump suggested late Wednesday he’s avoiding describing the military conflict with Iran as a “war” because of concerns around the fact that Congress hasn’t authorized military force.
“I won’t use the word ‘war’ because they say, if you use the word war, that’s maybe not a good thing to do,” the president said at an event for House Republicans’ fundraising arm. “They don’t like the word ‘war,’ because you’re supposed to get approval, so I’ll use the word ‘military operation,’ which is really what it is.”
The president has avoided the term in the past, saying Tuesday that “people don’t like me using the word ‘war,’ so I won’t, but the Democrats call it a war.” At one point earlier this month, he told reporters he viewed the conflict as “an excursion that will keep us out of a war.” He has also frequently argued that the war in Iran is a short-term conflict that he expects to wrap up soon.
But Mr. Trump has still occasionally called it a war, including during Wednesday evening’s speech, when he said: “The war essentially ended a few days after we went in.”
Behind the semantic issue is a legal question about whether the president needed approval from Congress to launch military strikes against Iran last month.
The Constitution gives Congress the power to declare war, but it makes the president the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The 1970s-era War Powers Act generally restricts military hostilities to 60 days unless Congress authorizes the use of military force, though presidents from both parties have tested the limits of that law. Mr. Trump has argued the law is unconstitutional.
Democratic lawmakers have argued Mr. Trump has acted without legal authority by launching strikes against Iran without seeking congressional authorization first, and have questioned whether Iran posed an “imminent” threat to the U.S.
Since the war started, Senate Democrats have held three votes seeking to end the U.S. offensive in Iran unless Congress gives permission for it to continue, but those votes have fallen short mainly due to Republican opposition. In the most recent vote on Tuesday, every Democrat except Sen. John Fetterman of Pennsylvania voted in favor of reining in Mr. Trump’s war powers in Iran, and every Republican except Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky voted against it.
“I don’t think we have had a moment like this, where the United States has been unquestionably at war with a foreign power, where American soldiers are dying as we speak, and it is being hidden actively from the public by the Congress,” Democratic Sen. Chris Murphy of Connecticut, who sponsored the war powers resolution, said ahead of Tuesday’s procedural vote.”
The Trump administration and most Republicans argue the war is legally and constitutionally justified due to a threat posed by Iranian missiles. In a notice to Congress after the operation began, Mr. Trump said he “acted pursuant to my constitutional authority as Commander in Chief and Chief Executive to conduct United States foreign relations.”
“Despite my Administration’s repeated efforts to achieve a diplomatic solution to Iran’s malign behavior, the threat to the United States and its allies and partners became untenable,” Mr. Trump wrote in the notice.
Several congressional Republicans have echoed Mr. Trump’s word choices. House Speaker Mike Johnson said in a press conference shortly after the U.S. and Israel began striking Iran: “We’re not at war right now. We’re four days into a very specific, clear mission.”
This isn’t the first time that a military operation has sparked a war of words. When former President Barack Obama launched airstrikes against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, his administration argued it didn’t need authorization from Congress. At the time, officials sought to parse whether the strikes counted as a “war.”
“I think what we are doing is enforcing a resolution that has a very clear set of goals, which is protecting the Libyan people, averting a humanitarian crisis and setting up a no-fly zone,” Deputy National Security Advisor Ben Rhodes told reporters at one point in 2011, referring to a U.N. Security Council resolution. “Obviously that involves kinetic military action, particularly on the front end. But again, the nature of our commitment is that we are not getting into an open-ended war, a land invasion in Libya.”
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Trump claims progress as Iran pushes back
Trump claims progress with Iran as Tehran rejects ceasefire proposal 02:21
Trump claims progress with Iran as Tehran rejects ceasefire proposal
(02:21)
（注：此处为图片占位符，实际应替换为原文图片链接）