一架通常用于运送军事装备的俄罗斯货机周日晚间降落在哈瓦那的一个军事机场，其飞行模式与捕获委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗之前的飞行轨迹相呼应。
根据公开飞行数据，这架由美国制裁的俄罗斯国家关联航空公司Aviacon Zitotrans运营的伊留申伊尔-76运输机，被追踪降落在圣安东尼奥-德洛斯巴尼奥斯机场，这是一个位于哈瓦那以南约30英里的古巴军事设施。
飞行追踪记录显示，该飞机曾在俄罗斯的圣彼得堡和索契、非洲毛里塔尼亚以及多米尼加共和国停留。每次降落都需要得到东道国政府的批准，这为了解哪些国家仍在允许与俄罗斯军方有关的航空活动（尽管受到西方制裁）提供了窗口。
2025年10月底，当华盛顿与加拉加斯之间的紧张局势升级时，这架飞机曾飞往委内瑞拉、尼加拉瓜和古巴。这一行动在美军采取军事行动并最终结束马杜罗统治之前，美国官员和分析师此后指出，这一系列事件是评估该地区类似俄罗斯航空活动的预警指标。
[马尔科·卢比奥在委内瑞拉行动后成为特朗普的关键权力玩家]
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一架俄罗斯军用伊留申伊尔-76飞机周日晚间降落在古巴。(Delil SOULEIMAN / AFP via Getty Images)
现在，古巴总统米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔正面临来自唐纳德·特朗普总统的日益增大的压力，特朗普在近几周大幅加强了美国对哈瓦那的政策。
周四，特朗普宣布与古巴有关的国家紧急状态，称古巴政府对美国国家安全和外交政策利益构成”异常和非凡的威胁”。政府还表示，将对未经美国授权向古巴出售或供应石油的任何国家实施惩罚。
特朗普周日证实，美国正与古巴官员进行直接谈判。
[特朗普称古巴在马杜罗被捕获后”准备投降”]
“古巴是一个失败的国家。长期以来都是如此，但现在它没有了委内瑞拉的支持，”特朗普在佛罗里达州海湖庄园对记者说。”所以我们正在与古巴人民、古巴最高层人士进行谈判，看看会发生什么。我认为我们会与古巴达成协议。”
特朗普和国务卿马尔科·卢比奥都表示支持哈瓦那的政治变革，尽管政府尚未表明是否会通过军事行动实现这一目标。
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古巴总统米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔正处于特朗普的枪口下。(Pablo Porciuncula/AFP via Getty Images)
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在委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗被美军捕获前，同一架俄罗斯飞机飞入加拉加斯。(Federico Parra/AFP via Getty Images)
俄罗斯与古巴的军事联系多次引发华盛顿的担忧。尽管冷战后苏联在该岛的影响力逐渐减弱，但莫斯科在过去十年中稳步重建了与哈瓦那的国防和情报合作。美国官员警告称，俄罗斯在古巴的重新活动可能对美国本土构成安全风险。
伊尔-76是一种重型运输机，可运载约50吨货物或多达200名人员。考虑到运营商的历史，这种能力引起了人们的关注。Aviacon Zitotrans因支持俄罗斯国防部门而受到美国、加拿大和乌克兰的制裁。
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美国财政部在2023年1月将该航空公司列入制裁名单时表示：”Aviacon Zitotrans曾向世界各地运送火箭、弹头和直升机零件等军事装备。”
目前尚不清楚这架飞机在最近一次飞行中携带了什么货物。在委内瑞拉的早期行动中，俄罗斯国家媒体和一名俄罗斯议员表示，同一架飞机向加拉加斯运送了”铠甲-S1″短程和” Buk-M2E”中程防空系统。
A Russian cargo plane typically used to transfer military equipment landed at a military airfield in Havana Sunday night, echoing flight patterns seen ahead of the capture of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela.
The U.S.-sanctioned Ilyushin Il-76, operated by Russian state-linked airline Aviacon Zitotrans, was tracked landing at San Antonio de los Baños Airfield, a Cuban military installation roughly 30 miles south of Havana, according to public flight data.
Flight-tracking records show the aircraft stopped in St. Petersburg and Sochi in Russia; Mauritania, Africa; and the Dominican Republic. Each landing would have required approval from host governments, offering a window into which countries are continuing to permit Russian military-linked aviation activity despite Western sanctions.
The same aircraft conducted flights to Venezuela, Nicaragua and Cuba in late October 2025, as tensions between Washington and Caracas escalated. That movement preceded U.S. military action in Venezuela that ultimately ended Maduro’s rule — a sequence U.S. officials and analysts have since pointed to as a warning indicator when evaluating similar Russian aviation activity in the region.
[MARCO RUBIO EMERGES AS KEY TRUMP POWER PLAYER AFTER VENEZUELA OPERATION]
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A Russian military Ilyushin Il-76 landed in Cuba Sunday night.(Delil SOULEIMAN / AFP via Getty Images)
Now, Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel finds himself under mounting pressure from President Donald Trump, who has sharply intensified U.S. policy toward Havana in recent weeks.
On Thursday, Trump declared a national emergency related to Cuba, asserting that the Cuban government poses an “unusual and extraordinary threat” to U.S. national security and foreign policy interests. The administration also said it would impose penalties on any country that sells or supplies oil to Cuba without U.S. authorization.
Trump confirmed Sunday that the U.S. is engaged in direct talks with Cuban officials.
[TRUMP SAYS CUBA IS ‘READY TO FALL’ AFTER CAPTURE OF VENEZUELA’S MADURO]
“Cuba is a failing nation. It has been for a long time, but now it doesn’t have Venezuela to prop it up,” Trump told reporters at Mar-a-Lago, Florida. “So we’re talking to the people from Cuba, the highest people in Cuba, to see what happens. I think we’re going to make a deal with Cuba.”
Trump and Secretary of State Marco Rubio have both indicated support for political change in Havana, though the administration has not said whether it would pursue that objective through military action.
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Cuba’s President Miguel Diaz-Canel finds himself in President Trump’s crosshairs.(Pablo Porciuncula/AFP via Getty Images)
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The same Russian aircraft flew into Caracas before Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro was captured by U.S. forces.(Federico Parra/AFP via Getty Images)
Russian military ties to Cuba have repeatedly triggered concern in Washington. While the Soviet Union’s footprint on the island receded after the Cold War, Moscow has steadily rebuilt defense and intelligence cooperation with Havana over the past decade. U.S. officials have warned that renewed Russian activity in Cuba could pose security risks close to the U.S. mainland.
The Il-76 is a heavy transport aircraft capable of carrying roughly 50 tons of cargo or up to 200 personnel, a capability that has drawn scrutiny given the operator’s history. Aviacon Zitotrans has been sanctioned by the United States, Canada and Ukraine for supporting Russia’s defense sector.
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“Aviacon Zitotrans has shipped military equipment such as rockets, warheads, and helicopter parts all over the world,” the U.S. Treasury Department said in January 2023, when it added the airline to its sanctions list.
It remains unclear what cargo the aircraft carried on its most recent flight. During earlier operations in Venezuela, Russian state media and a Russian lawmaker said the same aircraft delivered Pantsir-S1 short-range and Buk-M2E medium-range air defense systems to Caracas.