更新于：2026年3月14日 / 美国东部时间下午12:14 / CBS新闻
特朗普总统称，美国军方周五在大规模精准打击中“彻底摧毁”了哈尔克岛上的所有军事目标，这座具有战略意义的小岛因此成为全球关注的焦点。
哈尔克岛距离伊朗北部波斯湾海岸仅20英里，是伊朗石油出口的枢纽，也是特朗普计划用来确保霍尔木兹海峡开放和安全的关键筹码。
总统表示，美军避开了该岛的石油出口基础设施，但警告伊朗：“如果他们‘采取任何行动干扰船只通过霍尔木兹海峡的自由和安全航行，我将立即重新考虑这一决定。’”
以下是关于这座防御严密的岛屿及其战略价值的关键信息：
哈尔克岛是什么？
哈尔克岛位于伊朗北部波斯湾海岸约20英里处。几十年来，它一直是伊朗主要的石油出口终端，历史上处理了该国85%至95%的原油出口。
油轮在岛上装载后，将通过波斯湾和霍尔木兹海峡前往目的地。如果岛上的装载设施被摧毁，伊朗的石油出口能力将几乎立即崩溃。石油收入主要来自向中国出售原油，仍是这个伊斯兰共和国最重要的资金来源之一。
打击石油基础设施将是战争的大规模升级，可能引发全球石油市场恐慌，而对该岛的威胁将给伊朗的能源系统带来压力。
打击如何威胁伊朗的能源系统？
伊朗通过关闭霍尔木兹海峡对大多数船只通行，一直威胁着全球能源市场，但对哈尔克岛的打击表明美国能够影响伊朗。
国家安全分析师艾伦·麦克莱恩（Aaron MacLean）周六上午告诉哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS），特朗普总统已经表明，如果伊朗继续关闭霍尔木兹海峡，他将握有筹码。全球约20%的石油供应通过这条水道。
“总统将哈尔克岛的脆弱性与伊朗继续关闭霍尔木兹海峡联系起来，”麦克莱恩说。
自战争开始以来，石油和天然气价格飙升。美国战略石油储备释放1.72亿桶原油未能安抚投资者，周四原油价格多年来首次突破每桶100美元。
哈尔克岛曾是目标
这并非哈尔克岛首次成为战争的焦点。1980年代伊朗-伊拉克战争期间，萨达姆·侯赛因（Saddam Hussein）派遣伊拉克飞机反复轰炸该岛，试图切断伊朗的石油收入。设施遭到严重破坏，但伊朗持续修复并维持出口。
此后，德黑兰对哈尔克岛进行了大规模加固，建立了防空系统、加固的基础设施和地下储存设施，以确保即使在持续攻击下石油仍能流通。
尽管伊朗在常规军事方面无法与美国或以色列抗衡，但几十年来一直在为非对称战争做准备。如果哈尔克岛受到严重威胁，德黑兰可能会从多个方面进行回应。伊朗军方可能会继续打击波斯湾地区的美国基地，增加伊拉克及其他地区亲伊朗民兵的袭击，并使用快速攻击艇、水雷和自杀式无人机持续袭击霍尔木兹海峡的船只。
伊朗的回应不会正面击败优势军事力量，但会使在波斯湾的行动变得痛苦且代价高昂。
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/us-strikes-key-iranian-oil-hub/
Why is Kharg Island important? What to know about the Iranian island struck by the U.S.
Updated on: March 14, 2026 / 12:14 PM EDT / CBS News
President Trump said the U.S. military “totally obliterated” every military target on Kharg Island during large-scale precision strikes Friday, thrusting the strategic small isle into the global spotlight.
Just 20 miles off Iran’s northern Gulf coast, Kharg Island is Iran’s hub for oil exports and a key bargaining chip Trump plans to use to keep the Strait of Hormuz open and safe.
The president said U.S. forces avoided the island’s oil export infrastructure, but warned Iran that if they “do anything to interfere with the Free and Safe Passage of Ships through the Strait of Hormuz, I will immediately reconsider this decision.”
Here’s what to know about the heavily fortified island and why it is strategically valuable.
What is Kharg Island?
Kharg Island lies roughly 20 miles off Iran’s northern Gulf coast. For decades, it has served as Iran’s main oil export terminal, historically handling 85–95% of the country’s crude exports.
Tankers load up on the island before heading through the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz. If the island’s loading facilities were knocked out, Iran’s ability to export oil would collapse almost immediately. Oil revenue, earned mainly by selling crude to China, remains one of the Islamic Republic’s most important sources of funding.
Strikes on the oil infrastructure would be a massive escalation in the war that could send global oil markets into a panic, and threats to the island would pressure Tehran’s energy system.
How could strikes threaten Iran’s energy system?
Iran has been threatening the world’s energy markets by keeping the Strait of Hormuz closed to most traffic, but the strikes on Kharg Island show the U.S. can affect Iran.
National security analyst Aaron MacLean told CBS Saturday Morning that Mr. Trump has shown he has leverage if Iran keeps the Strait closed. About 20% of the world’s oil supplies pass through the waterway.
“The president has linked the vulnerability of Kharg Island to Iran’s continued closure of the Strait of Hormuz,” MacLean said.
Oil and gas prices have soared since the war began. A release of 172 million barrels from the United States’ Strategic Petroleum Reserve failed to calm investors, and the price of a barrel of crude oil rose above $100 for the first time in years on Thursday.
Kharg Island has been a target before
This isn’t the first time Kharg Island has been at the center of a war. During the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s, Saddam Hussein sent Iraqi aircraft to repeatedly bomb the island in an attempt to choke off Iran’s oil revenue. The facilities were badly damaged, but Iran kept repairing them and exports continued.
Since then, Tehran has fortified Kharg heavily, building air defenses, hardened infrastructure and underground storage designed to keep oil flowing even under sustained attack.
While Iran cannot match the United States or Israel in conventional military terms, it has spent decades preparing for asymmetric war. If Kharg Island were seriously threatened, Tehran would likely respond across multiple fronts. Iran’s military could continue to strike U.S. bases across the Gulf, increase attacks by allied militias in Iraq and elsewhere, and keep striking vessels in the Strait of Hormuz using fast attack boats, naval mines and suicide drones.
Iran’s response would not defeat a superior military force head-on, but would make operating in the Gulf painful and expensive.
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/us-strikes-key-iranian-oil-hub/
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