2026年3月13日 下午6:18 UTC / 路透社
无人机视角显示，2024年5月30日，美国伊利诺伊州索莫诺克的一个大豆农场里，一辆拖拉机和一台大豆播种机停放在田间。路透社/吉姆·冯德鲁斯卡/资料图片 [购买许可权，新标签页打开]
- 摘要
- 伊朗战争导致的化肥短缺令美国和加拿大农民忧心忡忡
- 化肥经销商春季化肥供应可能比往年短缺25-35%
- 自伊朗战争爆发以来，化肥价格飙升
温尼伯，曼尼托巴省，3月13日（路透社） – 美国和加拿大的农民本就对又一年的低利润或亏损前景感到担忧，如今随着春耕临近，他们正面临化肥短缺的困境，而战争导致全球贸易瘫痪后，任何可用化肥的价格涨幅已超过三分之一，这可能进一步扰乱春季播种计划。
代表美国化肥供应链的美国化肥协会称，美国每年约有一半的尿素化肥依赖进口，而今年春季农民所需的化肥供应比往年短缺约25%。
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一位分析师表示，如果原本运往美国的化肥被转道至愿意支付更高价格的其他地区，供应可能会更加稀缺。
StoneX的化肥市场分析师乔希·林维尔表示，新奥尔良港是美国大部分海外进口化肥的进入地和定价地，那里的报价每吨比全球价格低119美元。
“我不仅担心进口船只可能转向其他支付更高的目的地，”林维尔说，“如果有人愿意去购买驳船上的（化肥）并装载到其他船只上出口，这也是有可能的。”
那些在春季大量使用化肥且尚未采购的农民发现，零售中心空空如也，或者库存商品价格高得让一些人难以承受。
“这让我不寒而栗，”加拿大萨斯喀彻温省的农民大卫·阿尔特罗格说，他的经纪人告诉他，当地一家化肥经销商因缺货已停止报价。
他在12月购买了尿素，但如果现在购买，价格将高出44,000加元（约合32,069.97美元）。他表示，他所在地区的一些农民现在面临这样的涨价，甚至可能根本买不到化肥。
伊朗战争切断了波斯湾地区对全球农民至关重要的氮肥供应。全球超过30%的氮肥出口以及硫磺等化肥成分都通过目前实际上已关闭的霍尔木兹海峡运输。
与中国不同，大多数国家没有化肥战略储备，美国大部分化肥经销商体系也不囤积库存，这使得他们极易受到突然供应短缺的影响。
美国化肥协会的经济学家维罗妮卡·奈伊表示：“货架上并没有大量化肥存货，这是一种典型的‘随需随取’商业模式。”
霍尔木兹海峡关闭的持续时间至关重要。在海湾地区装载的化肥需要数周才能运抵美国等市场，然后还需通过内河驳船、卡车或火车转运到农田。大多数化肥需要在作物开始生长前施用，因此任何延迟供应的化肥都无法用于2026年的作物种植。
本周，美国农场局联合会警告称，化肥供应短缺可能会影响美国食品供应。
周四，参议员乔希·霍利要求司法部长帕姆·邦迪调查化肥公司是否存在哄抬物价行为。霍利指出，自战争开始以来，化肥价格已飙升32%，这不合理。
他还向最大的几家化肥公司发送了信函，要求他们解释价格上涨的原因。
（1美元=1.3720加元）
报道：埃德·怀特；编辑：大卫·格雷戈里奥
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Iran war deprives US farmers of affordable fertilizer as spring planting looms
March 13, 2026 6:18 PM UTC / Reuters
A drone view shows a tractor and a soybean planter parked on a soy farm in Somonauk, Illinois, U.S., May 30, 2024. REUTERS/Jim Vondruska/File Photo [Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab]
- Summary
- Fertilizer shortage due to Iran war alarming U.S and Canadian farmers
- Fertilizer dealers could be 25-35% short of usual spring fertilizer supplies
- Prices have surged since Iran war began
WINNIPEG, Manitoba, March 13 (Reuters) – Farmers in the U.S. and Canada, who were already worried about prospects for another year of low profits or losses, now could have spring planting disrupted as they struggle to find fertilizer, and prices for any available supplies have spiked more than a third since the war in Iran paralyzed global trade.
The U.S., which in some years imports half of its urea fertilizer, is about 25% short of the usual supplies that farmers buy for spring planting, according to The Fertilizer Institute, which represents the U.S. fertilizer supply chain.
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Supplies could grow still scarcer if fertilizer destined for the U.S. gets rerouted to other places willing to pay more for it, an analyst said.
Josh Linville, a fertilizer market analyst at StoneX, said the price offered in New Orleans, the port area where most offshore U.S. imports enter and prices are set, is as much as $119 less per metric ton than global prices.
“Not only am I worried about incoming vessels being turned around to other, better-paying destinations, there’s an argument to be made, if somebody was willing to go and buy up (supply on) barges, to load them onto a vessel and export it,” Linville said.
Farmers who do significant springtime fertilizer application and have not already purchased their supplies are finding retail centers empty, or stocked with supplies sold at such a premium that it’s unaffordable for some.
“It sends shivers down your spine,” said Saskatchewan, Canada farmer David Altrogge, whose broker told him that a local fertilizer dealer had stopped offering prices for fertilizer due to the shortage.
He bought his urea in December, but if he bought it today it would cost C$44,000 ($32,069.97) more. Some farmers in his area now face that price hike or may not even be able to buy any, he said.
The Iran war has cut off critical nitrogen fertilizer supplies from the Persian Gulf to the world’s farmers. More than 30% of world nitrogen fertilizer exports, as well as fertilizer components like sulfur, pass through the now effectively closed Strait of Hormuz.
Unlike China, most countries do not hold strategic reserves of fertilizer, and much of the U.S. fertilizer dealer system does not hold stocks, leaving it vulnerable to sudden supply shortages.
“It’s not like there’s a whole lot of fertilizer sitting on the shelf,” said Veronica Nigh, an economist at The Fertilizer Institute. “It’s very much a just-in-time business model.”
The length of time that the Strait of Hormuz is closed is critical. Fertilizer loaded onto ships in the gulf can take weeks to reach markets like the U.S., and then must be transferred to river barges, trucks or trains to reach farmland. Most fertilizer needs to be applied before the crop starts growing, so any supplies arriving too late cannot be used for the 2026 crop.
This week, the American Farm Bureau Federation warned that fertilizer supply shortages could hit the U.S. food supply.
On Thursday, Senator Josh Hawley asked Attorney General Pam Bondi to investigate whether fertilizer companies were involved in price-gouging. Hawley noted that prices have soared as much as 32% since the start of the war and said this was not reasonable.
He also sent a letter to the largest fertilizer companies demanding they explain the price hikes.
($1 = 1.3720 Canadian dollars)
Reporting by Ed White; Editing by David Gregorio
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