2026-02-24 / 路透社
WASHINGTON, 2月24日（路透社） – 美国总统唐纳德·特朗普将于周二发表国情咨文，向美国选民推销其动荡且打破常规的第二个任期。选民将在11月决定其所在的共和党是否继续掌控国会。
以下是特朗普上任13个月以来采取的主要政策和行动清单。
经济政策
特朗普将在多数美国人不认可其经济政策的情况下，为自己的经济管理辩护。此前最高法院刚刚否决了他使用紧急权力对盟友和其他国家征收关税的做法，而这一事件发生在几天前。
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关税一直是特朗普第二个任期的核心议题。他利用关税惩罚反对其政策的国家，并解决与中国等国所谓的贸易不平衡问题。目前，他的团队正急于寻找新的法律途径来维持这些关税。同时，他对所有国家的美国进口商品征收了15%的临时关税。
特朗普可能会吹嘘他的重大立法成就——《大美好法案》（One Big Beautiful Bill Act），该法案削减了部分个人所得税。而他会在多大程度上归功于前亲密盟友埃隆·马斯克领导的政府效率部缩减联邦政府员工规模，则尚不明确。
共和党战略家将寻找特朗普可能改变近期经济演讲中好斗基调的迹象。在这些演讲中，他几乎没有向因生活成本高企而倍感压力的美国人做出保证，反而将通胀归咎于其民主党前任乔·拜登。
选民对通胀的不满曾助特朗普上台，但美国人对高物价仍不满，且越来越不认可特朗普对经济的处理。近几个月来，特朗普多次宣称在对抗通胀的斗争中取得胜利，尽管政府数据显示物价压力依然高企。
在特朗普任内，经济持续增长，但就业市场放缓，失业率略有上升。特朗普发起了一场前所未有的压力运动，要求美联储降低利率。
战争与和平
当特朗普走上演讲台发表国情咨文时，美国似乎即将因伊朗核计划问题与伊朗爆发公开冲突。
特朗普已加强了美国在中东的军事部署，并警告称，如果不达成协议解决争端，“会发生非常糟糕的事情”。
美国人对中东长期战争心存警惕，而特朗普过去更喜欢短期军事行动。特朗普新奇的军事行动包括去年6月轰炸伊朗核设施、在国际水域打击所谓的加勒比海贩毒船只、上月逮捕委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗，并威胁要夺取格陵兰岛，这些行动引发了人们对北约联盟未来的严重质疑。
特朗普将自己塑造为促成和平的总统，包括努力达成加沙战争中脆弱的停火协议，以及他的和平委员会致力于重建遭受破坏的巴勒斯坦飞地。
他多次声称在追求诺贝尔和平奖的过程中已解决了八场战争，但这一说法被广泛认为是夸大其词，且与一些冲突地区的实际情况相悖。在数月交替向基辅施压同时对莫斯科发出威胁（但很少付诸实施）之后，结束俄罗斯乌克兰战争的和平协议仍难以达成。
移民政策
在公众对特朗普打击非法移民的强硬政策支持有所减弱的情况下，特朗普可能会在演讲中重塑公众对其强硬移民政策的看法。移民问题与特朗普的关联最为紧密，但随着联邦移民局特工与美国抗议者和活动人士发生激烈冲突，并在明尼阿波利斯造成两名美国公民死亡，该问题已成为他的负担。
特朗普在竞选时承诺发起数十年来最大规模的驱逐行动，并在2025年1月重返白宫后立即下令进行大规模移民突袭。其中一些被驱逐者并未被遣返原籍国，而是被送往以人权记录不佳闻名的第三国。特朗普的政策在很大程度上成功阻止了移民穿越美国与墨西哥的南部边境。
行政权力
特朗普政府主要通过单方面行动实现这些目标，主导行政机构，退出国际论坛，并无视过去的惯例。
它攻击被视为障碍的公民社会团体、活动人士、地方官员、法官和记者。特朗普的大部分政策成果都是行政命令，这种“以令代法”的统治方式是美国前总统们曾经避免的，因为它绕过了国会。
特朗普还赦免了数百人，包括所有与2021年1月6日袭击美国国会大厦相关的被告。
仅今年，特朗普就已使用行政命令和类似备忘录设定关税、推广草甘膦基除草剂、增加煤炭产量、阻止私募股权公司收购单户住宅，并直接支配委内瑞拉石油收入。
总之，特朗普自上任以来已签署240项行政命令，在13个月内创下二战后富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统任期以来的最高纪录。
气候政策
特朗普政府采取措施逆转拜登时代的气候法规以及清洁能源和电动汽车税收优惠。它削弱了这些政策的法律基础，使得未来任何政府在没有国会支持的情况下都难以实施新规则。
特朗普去年将美国退出《巴黎协定》以及《联合国气候变化框架公约》，使美国成为与伊朗、利比亚和也门一样的“异类”。
特朗普政府还通过发布停工令或减缓审批进程，积极阻止风电和太阳能项目（包括那些几乎已完工的项目）。与此同时，政府放宽了清洁空气和水的法规，或豁免燃煤电厂或油气基础设施遵守相关规定。
医疗保健
全球16家最大的制药公司已与特朗普政府达成“最惠国”协议，通过豁免美国关税来降低美国人的药品价格。根据这些协议，他们将降低药品价格，惠及政府的医疗补助计划，并通过政府运营的TrumpRx网站向自费消费者提供低价药品。
然而，由于国会未能就如何恢复慷慨的新冠时期税收抵免达成一致，数百万美国人在2026年面临更高的医疗保健成本。特朗普不支持国会阻止税收抵免到期的举措。
特雷弗·亨尼卡特报道，瓦莱丽·沃尔科维奇补充报道，罗斯·科尔文和霍华德·戈勒编辑
A year of upheaval sets the stage for Trump’s State of the Union address
2026-02-24 / Reuters
WASHINGTON, Feb 24 (Reuters) – U.S. President Donald Trump will use his State of the Union address on Tuesday to sell his turbulent, norm-breaking second term to American voters who will decide in November whether his Republican Party retains control of Congress.
Here is a list of the major policies and actions Trump has taken during his 13 months in office.
THE ECONOMY
Trump will defend his handling of the economy at a time when most Americans disapprove of his approach and just days after the Supreme Court swatted down his use of emergency powers to levy tariffs on allies and other countries.
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Tariffs have been at the center of Trump’s second term. He has used them to punish countries that oppose his policies and address perceived trade imbalances with countries like China. Now, his team is scrambling to find new legal pathways to keep those tariffs on. In the meantime, he’s put a 15% temporary tariff on U.S. imports from all countries.
Trump is likely to tout his major legislative accomplishment: the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which cut some individual income taxes. Less clear is how much credit he will give former close ally Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency for shrinking the size of the federal government workforce.
Republican strategists will look for signs that Trump might shift the combative tone of his recent economic speeches, where he has offered little assurance to Americans squeezed by high living costs and blamed inflation on his Democratic predecessor, Joe Biden.
Voter frustration with inflation helped propel Trump into office, but Americans remain unhappy with high prices and increasingly disapprove of Trump’s handling of the economy. In recent months Trump has repeatedly declared victory in the fight against inflation, even as government data shows price pressures remain elevated.
While the economy has continued to grow under Trump, the job market has slowed and unemployment has edged up. Trump has launched an unprecedented pressure campaign on the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates.
WAR AND PEACE
As Trump takes the dais for his address, the U.S. appears on the verge of open conflict with Iran over its nuclear program.
Trump has built up the U.S. military presence in the Middle East and warned that “really bad things will happen” if no deal is reached to solve the dispute.
Americans are wary of a long war in the Middle East, and Trump has preferred short-term engagements in the past. Trump’s novel uses of the military have included bombing Iran’s nuclear facilities last June, striking alleged Caribbean drug boats in international waters, arresting Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro last month and threatening to seize Greenland, raising serious questions about the future of the NATO alliance.
Trump has styled himself the peacemaking president, including his efforts to secure a fragile ceasefire deal in the Gaza war and his Board of Peace focused on rebuilding the devastated Palestinian enclave.
He has repeatedly claimed to have solved eight wars in his pursuit of a Nobel Peace Prize, but that is widely viewed as exaggerated and contrary to the facts on the ground in some of the conflicts. After months of alternately pressuring Kyiv while issuing – but rarely enforcing – threats against Moscow, a peace deal to end Russia’s war in Ukraine continues to elude him.
IMMIGRATION
Trump may look to rebuild public perception of his hardline immigration policies in the speech amid softening public support for his crackdown on illegal immigration. Few issues are more closely tied to Trump than immigration, but it has become a liability as masked federal immigration agents have clashed violently with U.S. protesters and activists and killed two U.S. citizens in Minneapolis.
Trump campaigned on launching the biggest deportation drive in decades and ordered sweeping immigration raids immediately after returning to office in January 2025. Some of those deported have not been returned to their homelands but instead sent to third countries known for human rights abuses. Trump’s policies have succeeded in largely stemming the flow of migrants crossing the U.S. southern border with Mexico.
EXECUTIVE POWER
The Trump administration has pursued these goals largely unilaterally, dominating executive agencies, withdrawing from international forums and ignoring past norms.
It has attacked civil society groups, activists, local officials, judges and journalists seen as obstacles. Most of Trump’s policy accomplishments were executive actions, a kind of rule-by-fiat approach that U.S. presidents once avoided because they bypass Congress.
Trump has also granted hundreds of pardons, including for all of those charged with offenses in connection with the January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol.
This year alone, Trump has used executive orders and similar memos to set tariffs, promote glyphosate-based herbicides, boost coal production, discourage private equity firms from buying single-family homes and direct Venezuelan oil revenue.
In all, Trump has signed 240 executive orders since taking office, the most in 13 months since the World War Two-era presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
CLIMATE POLICY
The Trump administration has taken steps to reverse Biden-era climate regulations as well as clean energy and EV tax incentives. It has chipped away at the legal foundation for these policies to make it harder for any future administration to implement new rules without congressional support.
Trump last year removed the United States from the Paris Agreement, as well as the underlying U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change – joining Iran, Libya and Yemen as outliers.
The Trump administration has also aggressively worked to block wind and solar energy projects, including those that have nearly been completed, by issuing stop-work orders or slowing down permitting. The administration has meanwhile eased clean air and water regulations or exempted coal plants or oil and gas infrastructure from complying with rules.
HEALTHCARE
Sixteen of the largest global drugmakers have struck “most-favored nation” deals with the Trump administration to cut drug prices for Americans in exchange for exemptions from U.S. tariffs. Under those agreements, they will lower prices for the government’s Medicaid program and, via the government-run TrumpRx website, to cash-paying consumers.
Millions of Americans, however, are facing higher healthcare costs in 2026 after Congress failed to agree on how to reinstate generous COVID-era tax credits. Trump did not support congressional moves to stop the tax credits from expiring.
Reporting by Trevor Hunnicutt, additional reporting by Valerie Volcovici, editing by Ross Colvin and Howard Goller
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