2026年6月25日 / 美国东部时间上午10:19 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
梅利莎·奎因 撰稿
华盛顿讯 美国最高法院周四裁定夏威夷一项禁令违宪，该禁令禁止隐蔽持枪许可证持有者将枪支带入对公众开放的私人场所。
在沃福德诉洛佩兹一案以6票支持、3票反对的结果作出的判决中，高等法院支持了一群枪支持有者和一个枪械权利组织的诉求。这些方认为，夏威夷限制持枪地点的规定违反了第二修正案。
大法官们认定，夏威夷要求隐蔽持枪许可证持有者在携带枪支进入对公众开放的私人场所——如加油站、餐厅或商铺——前必须获得许可的法律违宪。
此次支持枪支持有者的判决，是在最高法院2022年作出里程碑式裁决之后作出的。2022年的裁决首次明确，第二修正案保障公民在住宅外携带枪支的权利。
该裁决为法院判定枪支限制条款的合宪性确立了新框架，要求政府证明相关措施符合美国历史上的枪支监管传统。这一新标准首次适用是在2024年，当时最高法院维持了一项联邦法律，禁止受家庭暴力限制令约束的人员持有枪支。
最高法院上周在一起涉及联邦枪支限制的案件中表示，政府不能自动剥夺定期吸食大麻且无危险行为的民众的持枪权。
此次最高法院的裁决不会影响夏威夷在酒吧、海滩或公园等其他场所的枪支限制规定——这些场所并非本案争议焦点——也不会涉及学校或政府大楼等敏感区域。
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夏威夷这项被称为“吸血鬼规则”的法律，要求持有隐蔽持枪许可证的人在进入对公众开放的私人场所前必须获得许可。未经许可携带枪支将构成轻罪，最高可判处一年监禁。
夏威夷是五个默认限制持证者在私人场所持枪的州之一，不过纽约、加利福尼亚和马里兰州的类似禁令已被法院叫停。在其余45个州，持证 handgun 持有者通常可将枪支带入对公众开放的私人场所。
夏威夷对持枪场所的限制规定，是在最高法院2022年标志性枪械权利裁决之后签署生效的。
此次提交最高法院的争议可追溯至2023年，当时三名毛伊县居民和夏威夷枪械联盟以违反第二修正案为由，挑战该州的默认规则。联邦地区法院支持了挑战者，认定夏威夷的限制规定若适用于对公众开放的场所，大概率违反第二修正案。
但在该州上诉后，美国第九巡回上诉法院维持了夏威夷的这项法律。
特朗普政府在本案中支持枪支持有者，称该措施“明显违宪”，实际上剥夺了公众持枪权——因为持证持枪者只要停车加油或去杂货店办事，就可能因违法而获刑。
最高法院于今年1月就本案举行了听证会，当时看起来大概率会支持枪支持有者。
Supreme Court strikes down Hawaii law restricting guns on private property that’s open to public
June 25, 2026 / 10:19 AM EDT / CBS News
By Melissa Quinn
Washington — The Supreme Court on Thursday struck down a Hawaii restriction that prohibits concealed-carry permit holders from bringing their firearms onto private property that is open to the public.
In a 6 to 3 decision in the case Wolford v. Lopez, the high court sided with a group of gun owners and a gun-rights group who argued that Hawaii’s rule restricting where they could carry firearms violates the Second Amendment.
The justices found unconstitutional the Hawaii law requiring people with concealed-carry permits to receive permission before bringing their guns onto private property that is open to the public — places like gas stations, restaurants or shops.
The ruling in favor of the gun owners follows the Supreme Court’s 2022 decision in which the high court recognized for the first time that the Second Amendment guarantees the right to carry a firearm outside the home.
That decision laid out a new framework for courts to apply when determining the constitutionality of a gun restriction, which requires the government to show that a measure is rooted in the nation’s historical tradition of firearms regulation. The first test of that new standard came in 2024, when the Supreme Court upheld a federal law barring people subject to domestic violence restraining orders from having guns.
The high court said last week in a case involving a federal firearms restriction that the government cannot automatically disarm people who regularly use marijuana and are not dangerous.
The Supreme Court’s ruling does not impact Hawaii’s other restrictions on guns in places like bars, beaches or parks, which were not at issue in the case, or sensitive locations like schools or government buildings.
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Hawaii’s law, which has been dubbed the “vampire rule,” requires armed concealed-carry permit holders to seek permission before entering private property that is open to the public. Carrying a gun without that permission is a misdemeanor that is punishable by up to one year in prison.
Hawaii is one of five states with laws presumptively restricting carry by license-holders on private property, though similar measures in New York, California and Maryland have been blocked by courts. In the remaining 45 states, licensed handgun owners can generally carry arms onto publicly-accessible private property.
The limits on the places people in Hawaii could bring their firearms were signed into law following the Supreme Court’s 2022 landmark gun rights decision.
The dispute before the Supreme Court dates back to 2023, when three Maui County residents and the Hawaii Firearms Coalition challenged the state’s default rule as a violation of the Second Amendment. A federal district court sided with the challengers, finding Hawaii’s restriction likely violates the Second Amendment as applied to property that is accessible to the public.
But after the state appealed, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit upheld Hawaii’s law.
The Trump administration backed the gun owners in the case and argued that the measure was “blatantly unconstitutional” and effectively prevented public carry, as any armed permit holder risked committing a crime simply by stopping to put gas in their car or running errands at a grocery store.
The Supreme Court heard arguments in the case in January and appeared likely to side with the gun owners.
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