2026-06-22T10:06:49.621Z / reuters.com
2023年6月29日，美国加利福尼亚州旧金山，科技领袖们出席生成式人工智能（AI）会议。旧金山正试图将自己打造成全球AI之都。路透社/卡洛斯·巴里亚
华盛顿6月22日路透电 – 美国总统唐纳德·特朗普表示，他正在探索让民众持有头部人工智能公司股权的方案，以回应外界担忧普通美国人无法分享该行业预期利润的声音。
政策制定者、企业和倡导者已为特朗普本月提出的“AI企业回馈公众”的构想提出了多条实施路径，包括向公司董事会派驻美国政府代表、对该行业征收定向税收，以及以联邦资金换取股权。
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任何授予政府股权的协议都可能重塑联邦收入格局。路透社此前报道，AI企业OpenAI和Anthropic本月均已秘密提交美国首次公开募股申请，OpenAI的目标估值最高可达1万亿美元。
头部AI开发商Anthropic、谷歌和OpenAI均未回应记者就政府持有该行业股权一事置评的请求。
以股票缴税
美国佛蒙特州独立参议员伯尼·桑德斯（与民主党党团共事）提议利用税收体系获取AI创造的财富份额，要求大型企业向政府出让50%的股权并获得董事会席位。
“美国民众应当能够阻止AI带来的负面影响，并从中获益，”桑德斯在谈及他的提案时说道。
乔治华盛顿大学法学院教授杰里米·贝尔-弗里德表示，这一构想呼应了两名法学教授提出的一项提案：征收以股票而非现金支付的税款，从而在无需公共投资的情况下将股权转移给政府。这种方式不会让政府获得控股权。
以公共资金换取股权
另一种模式效仿了与英特尔的合作协议：政府以数十亿美元资金换取10%的股权，以扩大国内制造业产能。
科技行业需要定期获得巨额资金注入，在过去一年中，该行业已筹集了大量资金用于AI基础设施建设。政府投资可成为其中一部分资金来源。
谷歌母公司Alphabet本月表示，将把其股票增发规模提升至847.5亿美元。
自由市场分析师警告称，政府效仿英特尔的合作模式可能会扭曲激励机制。
“这会让政府不再专注于确保美国拥有保护公共利益所需的能力，转而更关注其投资能否获得回报，”领导Abundance研究所AI政策工作的共和党人尼尔·奇尔森说道。
OpenAI首席执行官山姆·奥特曼去年11月表示，该公司曾与政府讨论为芯片工厂提供联邦贷款担保，但并未为数据中心寻求类似安排。
向美国民众发放分红
OpenAI今年4月提议设立“公共财富基金”，用于投资AI企业并将收益分配给民众，据该公司一份声明显示。
Anthropic表示，该公司正在探索“数字红利”模式，即通过对AI行业征税来筹集资金，向美国民众发放款项。
这一构想与阿拉斯加永久基金类似：该州立企业以石油收入作为初始资金，以保护本州自然资源的长期价值。该基金每年向居民发放分红，近年来还帮助支撑了阿拉斯加州的预算。支持者表示，类似模式可适用于高度依赖公共创造数据的AI行业。
罗格斯大学公司治理教授约瑟夫·布拉西说道：“美国的公共基础设施属于公民领域，绝非某个或某些亿万富翁、甚至万亿富翁可以随意攫取的东西。”
考特尼·罗森报道；威廉·马拉德编辑
Three ways Trump could get a stake in AI firms for the US
2026-06-22T10:06:49.621Z / reuters.com
Technology leaders attend a generative AI (Artificial Intelligence) meeting in San Francisco as the city is trying to position itself as the AI capital of the world, in California, U.S., June 29, 2023. REUTERS/Carlos Barria
WASHINGTON, June 22 (Reuters) – U.S. President Donald Trump said he is exploring options to give the public a stake in leading AI companies, in response to concerns that individual Americans will not share in the sector’s expected profits.
Policymakers, companies and advocates have proposed several pathways for Trump’s idea, floated this month, of AI companies “giving back” to the public, including installing U.S. government representatives on company boards, targeted taxes on the industry and exchanging federal funding for equity stakes.
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Any agreement to grant the government equity stakes could reshape federal revenues. AI firms OpenAI and Anthropic both confidentially filed for U.S. initial public offerings this month, with OpenAI targeting a valuation of up to $1 trillion, Reuters has reported.
Leading AI developers Anthropic, Google and OpenAI did not respond to requests for comment about the government taking stakes in the sector.
TAXES PAID IN STOCK
U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders, a Vermont independent who caucuses with Democrats, has proposed using the tax system to capture a share of AI-driven wealth, with large firms giving the government a 50% ownership stake and board representation.
“The American people should be able to stop what’s bad and benefit from the financial gains of AI,” Sanders said about his proposal.
The idea echoes a proposal by two law professors to impose a tax payable in stock rather than cash, effectively transferring equity to the government without requiring public investment. The approach would not give the government a controlling stake, said Jeremy Bearer-Friend, a professor at George Washington University Law School.
EQUITY IN EXCHANGE FOR PUBLIC FUNDING
Another model mirrors the deal with Intel, in which the government took a 10% stake in exchange for billions of dollars in funding to expand domestic manufacturing capacity.
The tech sector needs regular, huge injections of cash and over the past year has sought to raise vast sums to fund AI infrastructure. Government investment could form part of that funding.
Alphabet, the parent of Google DeepMind, said this month it would increase its equity offerings to $84.75 billion.
Free-market analysts warn against the government mimicking the Intel arrangement, saying it could distort incentives.
“It puts the government in the space where it’s no longer focused on ensuring the U.S. has the capacity it needs to protect the public interest and is more focused on ensuring that its investment pays off,” said Neil Chilson, a Republican who leads AI policy at the Abundance Institute.
OpenAI has discussed federal loan guarantees for chip plants with the government but has not pursued similar arrangements for data centers, CEO Sam Altman said in November.
PAYMENTS TO AMERICANS
OpenAI in April proposed creating a “public wealth fund” to invest in AI companies and distribute proceeds to citizens, according to a company statement.
Anthropic said it is exploring a “digital dividend,” defined as payments to Americans funded by taxes on the AI sector.
The idea has parallels with the Alaska Permanent Fund, a state-owned corporation seeded with oil revenues to preserve the long-term value of the state’s natural resources. The fund provides annual dividends to residents and, in recent years, has also helped support Alaska’s budget. Proponents say a similar model could apply to AI, which relies heavily on publicly created data.
“The public infrastructure in the United States is a citizen domain,” said Joseph Blasi, who teaches corporate governance at Rutgers University. “It’s not something that a billionaire here or there or a trillionaire here or there can just grab.”
Reporting by Courtney Rozen; Editing by William Mallard
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