2026-06-19T06:00:24-04:00 / 福克斯新闻频道
专家称谈判代表或许并未指望达成最终协议，称该基金架构不具备可行性
作者：埃弗拉特·拉赫特 福克斯新闻
发布于2026年6月19日 美国东部时间早上6:00
伊朗协议中的3000亿美元投资基金或“几乎不可能”落地，前财政部官员警告
米亚德·马利基表示，白宫的伊朗备忘录制裁承诺让人怀疑谈判代表是否指望达成最终协议，并警告180天的豁免期不太可能吸引真正的投资者。
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美伊谅解备忘录中拟为伊朗设立的3000亿美元投资基金，可能会面临现行美国制裁法下的重大法律障碍，这引发了一个疑问：即便双方朝着最终协议迈进，该计划是否仍具备可行性。
这份由唐纳德·特朗普总统与伊朗总统马苏德·佩泽希基安于周三以电子方式签署的备忘录，旨在结束战争、恢复霍尔木兹海峡的通航。作为14点计划的一部分，美国同意解除对伊朗的制裁、允许德黑兰增加石油收入、恢复伊朗部分国际银行系统的使用权等多项措施。
但该框架中最雄心勃勃的内容之一——为伊朗重建与发展拟设的3000亿美元私人投资基金——可能会与美国长期以来的认定产生冲突，即伊朗的建筑部门直接或间接由伊斯兰革命卫队控制。
问题不仅在于技术层面，更关系到特朗普-伊朗框架的核心经济承诺之一，在现行美国法律下是否真的能够执行。专家表示，如果这3000亿美元基金依赖于在华盛顿已认定受伊朗革命卫队控制的领域进行投资，那么本届政府可能不得不依靠临时豁免或新的许可证——这种法律架构可能会让长期投资者望而却步，并让任何最终协议变得复杂。
参议院资深共和党议员抨击特朗普的伊朗协议，称3000亿美元让奥巴马协议看起来“不值一提”
美伊谅解备忘录中拟为伊朗设立的3000亿美元投资基金，可能会面临现行美国制裁法下的重大法律障碍。（曼德尔·恩根 / 法新社 via 盖蒂图片社）
美国国务院在2020年及2025年5月两次正式认定，伊朗的建筑部门直接或间接由伊斯兰革命卫队控制。根据《伊朗自由与反扩散法案》（简称IFCA），这一认定会给在该领域开展业务的个人或企业带来制裁风险。
米亚德·马利基是防务民主基金会高级研究员，同时也是前财政部外国资产控制办公室高管，他告诉福克斯新闻数字频道，围绕该基金的法律与制裁相关问题，远比“国会是否必须批准”这一问题更为复杂。
“我认为，要让该投资基金持久存在，国会的参与是不可避免的，”马利基说，“如果我们达成最终协议，而这作为承诺的一部分，美国政府及其盟友将必须介入，帮助伊朗设立这笔基金或获得此类基金的准入。”
马利基表示，总统拥有重要的单边权力来开始放松限制。特朗普可以撤销相关行政命令，指示财政部外国资产控制办公室发放通用许可证，并豁免部分国会通过的制裁法案。
但他同时表示，这并不意味着该基金将具备足够的持久性以吸引真正的投资者。
“从技术上讲，仅通过某种行政行动计划就可以启动该基金，但这只能停留在纸面上，而且必须每180天更新一次，”马利基说，他指的是与伊朗建筑部门相关的强制性制裁豁免。
JD·万斯披露美伊协议细节，回应纳税人资金是否会流向德黑兰的质疑
一名伊朗警察在巡逻，背景是德黑兰的一幅海报，海报上描绘了伊朗士兵手持形似霍尔木兹海峡的网，网中困住了美军飞机，2026年5月9日。（马吉德·赛义迪/盖蒂图片社）
“如果你从事投资行业，很难找到愿意投资耗时良久的建筑类项目的人，”他补充道，“这些项目不像180天就能完成的短期项目。”
马利基表示，这种担忧在伊朗尤为突出，当地投资者将面临制裁不确定性、政治风险以及不可靠的合作伙伴。
“很难找到愿意……基于某种随时可能无法续约的计划进行投资的人，尤其是在伊朗这样的国家，你根本没有可靠的合作伙伴，局势随时可能失控，”他说。
特朗普的伊朗协议“相比奥巴马协议，付出更多收获更少”，参议员称
一名女子走过德黑兰北部瓦纳克广场的广告牌，广告牌上是一只军事之手握着霍尔木兹海峡的图案，配文用波斯语写着“永远掌握在伊朗手中”“特朗普屁用没有”“霍尔木兹海峡的控制权将永远属于伊朗”，2026年4月16日。（瓦希德·萨莱米/美联社）
这一架构还引发了一个更广泛的问题：谈判代表是否真的指望这份谅解备忘录能最终演变为一份持久的最终协议。
“我越深入研究这份谅解备忘录，尤其是其中关于制裁的条款，就越怀疑谈判代表是否真的指望能达成最终协议，”马利基说。
“如果你真的达成了最终协议，并且希望切实履行你做出的承诺，那么这3000亿美元的投资基金，并不是你真正能够设立的东西，”他补充道，“我认为要让它真正落地，几乎是不可能的。”
阅读全文：美伊谅解备忘录完整文本：
伊朗民众在德黑兰前美国大使馆总部外举行反美示威活动，焚烧美国国旗，2018年5月9日，此前唐纳德·特朗普总统退出了2015年伊朗核协议。（摄影师：阿里·穆罕默迪/彭博社 via 盖蒂图片社）
马利基表示，一种可能的解释是，美方可能认为自己的角色仅限于提供制裁豁免，而将伊朗与潜在投资者自行解决该基金能否实际设立的问题留给双方。
“我们会为他们提供所需的豁免。如果他们找不到投资者来投入这笔资金，那是他们的问题，”他在描述谈判代表可能持有的一种态度时说道。
美国财政部和伊朗驻联合国代表团并未立即回应福克斯新闻数字频道的置评请求。
这一问题可能会成为国会的一个争议焦点。由于IFCA的豁免期限仅限180天，且需要向国会说明理由，任何针对伊朗的长期投资框架都可能迫使政府反复为暂停与伊朗革命卫队控制领域相关的制裁进行辩护。
法律障碍出现的同时，批评人士警告称，该协议将给伊朗带来重大经济利益，却将一些最棘手的核与安全问题留给未来的谈判。马利基表示，美国此前已通过制裁、军事压力和封锁对伊朗建立了巨大的杠杆，但现在可能正为了霍尔木兹海峡的通航而放弃这一杠杆。
“我们已经达到了美国历任总统对伊朗从未有过的杠杆优势，”马利基说，“然而我们却为了这个——为了霍尔木兹海峡的通航——放弃了这一切。”
他认为，伊朗很可能会利用这一进程拖延而非急于达成最终协议。
“伊朗会重拾它的老把戏，拖延时间，利用我在这一方案中看到的制裁豁免类激励措施来争取时间，”马利基说，“我不认为伊朗政权会急于达成协议。”
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一名男子在德黑兰卡里姆汗·赞德大道的建筑墙面上为反美壁画刷新油漆，2025年4月8日。这幅壁画的标语是“打倒美国”，美国国旗上的星星被替换成了骷髅头。（阿塔·凯纳雷/法新社）
约翰·汉娜是美国犹太国家安全研究所高级研究员，同时也是前副总统迪克·切尼的国家安全顾问，他警告称，该协议带来的任何经济收益都可能帮助伊朗革命卫队重建实力。
“几乎可以肯定，伊朗革命卫队会利用这份谅解备忘录授予的任何经济收益，尽可能快地重建其常规军事力量——尤其是伊朗革命卫队认为在战争期间取得战略成功至关重要的庞大导弹与无人机库，”汉娜告诉福克斯新闻数字频道。
埃弗拉特·拉赫特是福克斯新闻数字频道记者，报道国际事务与联合国事务。在X平台关注她@efratlachter。新闻线索请发送至efrat.lachter@fox.com。
Trump’s $300B Iran investment fund may be ‘close to impossible’ due to IRGC sanctions law, expert warns
2026-06-19T06:00:24-04:00 / Fox News
Expert says negotiators may not have been counting on a final deal, calling the fund structure unworkable
By Efrat Lachter Fox News
Published June 19, 2026 6:00am EDT
Iran deal’s $300B investment fund may be ‘almost impossible’ to implement, former Treasury official warns
Miad Maleki says the White House’s Iran memorandum sanctions promises raise doubts that negotiators were counting on a final deal, warning 180-day waivers are unlikely to attract serious investors.
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A proposed $300 billion investment fund for Iran included in the U.S.–Iran memorandum of understanding may face major legal obstacles under existing U.S. sanctions law, raising questions about whether the plan is workable even if both sides move toward a final agreement.
The memorandum, digitally signed Wednesday by President Donald Trump and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, is aimed at ending the war and restoring traffic through the Strait of Hormuz. As part of the 14-point plan, the U.S. agreed to lift sanctions on Iran, allow Tehran to increase its oil revenue and regain access to parts of the international banking system, among other measures.
But one of the most ambitious parts of the framework — a proposed $300 billion private investment fund for Iran’s reconstruction and development — may collide with a longstanding U.S. determination that Iran’s construction sector is controlled directly or indirectly by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
The issue is not just technical. It goes to whether one of the central economic promises of the Trump-Iran framework can realistically be executed under current U.S. law. If the $300 billion fund depends on investment in sectors Washington has already identified as IRGC-controlled, experts say the administration may be forced to rely on temporary waivers or new licenses — a legal structure that could make long-term investors wary and complicate any final deal.
TOP SENATE REPUBLICAN RIPS INTO TRUMP’S IRAN DEAL, SAYS $300 BILLION MAKES OBAMA DEAL LOOK LIKE ‘A PITTANCE’
A proposed $300 billion investment fund for Iran included in the U.S.–Iran memorandum of understanding may face major legal obstacles under existing U.S. sanctions law.(Mandel NGAN / AFP via Getty Images)
The State Department formally determined in 2020, and again in May 2025, that Iran’s construction sector was controlled directly or indirectly by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Under the Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act, known as IFCA, that finding creates sanctions risks for people or companies doing business in the sector.
Miad Maleki, a senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies and a former Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control executive, told Fox News Digital that the legal and sanctions-related problems surrounding the fund are more complicated than simply asking whether Congress would have to approve it.
“I think Congress is unavoidable for a durable version of that investment,” Maleki said. “If we have a final deal and now as part of this commitment, the U.S. government and allies are going to have to go in and help Iran to set up this fund or get access to such a fund.”
Maleki said the president has meaningful unilateral authority to begin easing restrictions. Trump could revoke relevant executive orders, direct the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control to issue general licenses and waive some congressional sanctions laws.
But he said that does not mean the fund would be durable enough to attract serious investors.
“Technically, the fund could be switched on through some kind of an executive action plan alone, but it would be on paper and it would have to be renewed every 180 days,” Maleki said, referring to waivers for mandatory sanctions tied to Iran’s construction sector.
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An Iranian police officer stands on patrol near a poster depicting Iranian soldiers holding a net shaped like the Strait of Hormuz with U.S. military aircraft ensnared in Tehran, Iran, on May 9, 2026.(Majid Saeedi/Getty Images)
“If you’re anyone who is in an investment-type business, it’s hard to find someone who would be investing in construction-type projects that take time,” he added. “These projects are not like 180-day projects.”
The concern, Maleki said, is especially acute in Iran, where investors would face sanctions uncertainty, political risk and an unreliable partner.
“It’s hard to find someone who would be investing … based on something that could not just be renewed if Iran, especially in the context of Iran, where you don’t really have a reliable partner, where things can blow up any minute,” he said.
TRUMP’S IRAN DEAL ‘GIVING A LOT MORE TO GET A LOT LESS’ THAN OBAMA’S, SENATOR SAYS
A woman walks past a billboard showing a military hand holding the Strait of Hormuz with Farsi text which reads, “In Iran’s hands forever,” “Trump couldn’t do a damn thing,” “The control of Strait of Hormuz will be Iran’s forever,” in Vanak Square, in northern Tehran, Iran, on April 16, 2026.(Vahid Salemi/AP)
That structure raises a broader question about whether negotiators were truly expecting the memorandum to mature into a final, durable agreement.
“The more I’ve been digging into this memorandum of understanding, sanctions paragraphs of this memorandum, the more I have come to this kind of doubt that the negotiators really were counting on a final deal to be reached,” Maleki said.
“If you do get to a final agreement and you’re looking into actually meeting the commitments that you made, this $300 billion investment fund, it’s not something you can really set up,” he added. “I think it would be almost close to impossible to get something that would materialize.”
READ IT: THE FULL TEXT OF THE US-IRAN MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING:
Iranians burn American flags during an anti-U.S. demonstration outside the former U.S. embassy headquarters in Tehran, Iran, on May 9, 2018, after President Donald Trump withdrew from the 2015 Iran nuclear deal.(Photographer: Ali Mohammadi/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
Maleki said one possible explanation is that the U.S. side may view its role as limited to providing sanctions relief, while leaving Iran and potential investors to sort out whether the fund can actually be built.
“We’re going to give them the waivers that they need. If they can’t find investors to invest in this, that’s their problem,” he said, describing one possible view of the negotiators’ approach.
The Treasury Department and the Iranian mission to the U.N. did not immediately respond to Fox News Digital’s request for comment.
The issue could become a congressional flashpoint. Because IFCA waivers are limited to 180 days and require justification to Congress, any long-term investment framework for Iran could force the administration to repeatedly defend why sanctions tied to an IRGC-controlled sector should be suspended.
The legal obstacles also come as critics warn the pact gives Iran major economic benefits while leaving some of the most difficult nuclear and security questions for future negotiations. Maleki said the U.S. had already built significant leverage over Iran through sanctions, military pressure and the blockade, but may now be trading that leverage for the reopening of Hormuz.
“We reached a point that we had leverage that no U.S. president has ever had with Iran,” Maleki said. “Yet we gave that away for this, for the opening of the Strait of Hormuz.”
He argued that Iran is likely to use the process to delay rather than rush toward a final agreement.
“Iran is going to go back to its playbook of dragging, buying time with the sanctions relief-type incentives that I’m seeing in this package,” Maleki said. “I do not think that the Iranian regime is going to rush to get to a deal.”
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A man applies fresh paint to an anti-U.S. mural on a building wall on Karim Khan Zand Avenue in Tehran on April 8, 2025. The mural features the slogan “Down with the USA” and skulls replacing stars on the U.S. flag.(Atta Kenare/AFP)
John Hannah, a senior fellow at the Jewish Institute for National Security of America and a former national security adviser to Vice President Dick Cheney, warned that any economic windfall from the agreement could help the IRGC rebuild.
“It’s almost certain that the IRGC will use any economic windfall granted by this MOU to reconstitute as much of their conventional military as possible as fast as possible — especially the vast missile and drone arsenal that the IRGC believes proved critical to the strategic successes they achieved during the war,” Hannah told Fox News Digital.
Efrat Lachter is a reporter for Fox News Digital covering international affairs and the United Nations. Follow her on X @efratlachter. Stories can be sent to efrat.lachter@fox.com.
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