2026年6月18日 / 美国东部时间下午1:52 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
美国国防部长皮特·黑格斯思周四在北约国防部长会议上宣布，五角大楼将启动一项为期六个月的评估，对美军在欧洲的兵力和基地进行审查。此前不久，他刚刚指责盟友在伊朗战争期间“可耻地”无所作为。
他未点名具体国家，谴责盟友批评美国对伊朗的军事行动，并拒绝允许美军使用欧洲部分基地起降飞机或停靠舰船。
“这太可耻了，”黑格斯思说，“这些盟友拒绝让美军享有本不该有任何争议的可预见的过境通行权，这将我们美国的儿女置于危险之中。”
他表示，这种状况正是美国将启动所谓“北约3.0”欧洲美军部署评估的部分原因，该评估可能耗时六个月或更短时间。“北约3.0”是负责政策的国防部副部长埃尔布里奇·科尔比于今年2月提出的倡议，他当时表示，欧洲国家该承担起本大陆常规防御的主要责任了。
周四，黑格斯思称被他称为“搭便车时代”的“北约2.0”已经结束。
美国国防部长皮特·黑格斯思2026年6月18日在布鲁塞尔北约总部举行的北约国防部长会议前发表讲话。德桑·艾代米尔/阿纳多卢通讯社通过盖蒂图片社拍摄
他宣布对美军在欧洲部署开展评估之际，正值下月土耳其安卡拉北约峰会前夕，美国总统特朗普预计将出席此次峰会。与此同时，国会两党议员都对美军近期从欧洲撤军表示担忧。
今年5月，五角大楼宣布从德国撤军5000人。参议院和众议院武装服务委员会的共和党主席、密西西比州参议员罗杰·威克和阿拉巴马州众议员迈克·罗杰斯发表声明称，他们对这一决定“感到担忧”。
“任何对美军在欧洲兵力部署的重大调整，都需要经过审慎的评估流程，并与国会和盟友密切协调，”威克和罗杰斯写道。
五角大楼还削减了派驻欧洲的旅级战斗队数量，这一举动同样让部分国会议员措手不及。
在众议院武装服务委员会的一场听证会上，佐治亚州共和党众议员奥斯汀·斯科特对陆军领导层表示：“这些重大决策在许多委员会成员看来都是临时仓促做出的。”
目前美军在欧洲的兵力约为8万人。国会已经要求国防部在将驻欧兵力削减至7.6万人以下前提交相关计划。参议院武装服务委员会上周通过的本年度国防政策法案（即《国防授权法》）草案新增了一项审核要求。
现行法案已于上周在委员会获得通过，要求国防部长在实施任何撤军行动前120天，提交一份关于撤军影响的评估报告。
在宣布启动评估时，黑格斯思表示，部分盟友一直在“搭便车”坐享美国的防务支持，因为它们未能在2035年前实现将军费开支提升至国内生产总值5%的目标——这是北约在去年海牙峰会上设定的指标。
北约今年早些时候发布的估算数据显示，32个成员国中有31个在2025年将军费开支占比提升至国内生产总值的2%，高于2024年的18个。特朗普在首届总统任期内曾多次敦促北约盟友达到2%的军费开支目标。
参议院北约观察小组联合主席、共和党参议员汤姆·蒂利斯在大西洋理事会周三的一场活动中指出，在提升国防开支方面已经取得了“巨大进展”。但他表示，盟友们应在即将召开的安卡拉峰会上讨论武器生产能力方面的短板。
“我认为，当大家都意识到北约内部产生分歧的原因之一，就是部分成员国未能达到联盟预期的投入标准时，我们就能与本届总统进行富有成效的对话，”蒂利斯说。
“我们不希望在安卡拉峰会看到有关美国削减对北约承诺的讨论，这将是此次峰会最糟糕的结果，”这位参议员在评估公告发布前说道。
Hegseth announces review of U.S. forces in Europe, blasts “shameful” NATO allies
June 18, 2026 / 1:52 PM EDT / CBS News
The Pentagon is launching a six-month review of U.S. forces and bases in Europe, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said Thursday at a meeting of NATO defense ministers, shortly after he accused allies of “shameful” inaction during the Iran war.
Without naming specific nations, he called out allies for criticizing the U.S. campaign against Iran and denying permission for the U.S. to use some bases in Europe for launching aircraft or ships.
“It’s shameful,” Hegseth said. “These allies, they put America’s sons and daughters, our sons and daughters, at risk by denying them the predictable access facing overflight that never should have been in question at all.”
He said that dynamic is part of why the U.S. will launch what he called a “NATO 3.0” review of U.S. troops in Europe that could take six months or less. NATO 3.0 is an initiative introduced in February by Undersecretary of Defense For Policy Elbridge Colby, who said it was time for European countries to take primary responsibility for the continent’s conventional defense.
On Thursday, Hegseth said NATO 2.0, which he called “an era of freeriding,” is over.
U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth speaks ahead of the NATO Defense Ministers meeting at NATO headquarters in Brussels on June 18, 2026. Dursun Aydemir/Anadolu via Getty Images
His announcement of the review of U.S. forces in Europe comes ahead of the NATO Summit in Ankara, Turkey, next month, which President Trump is expected to attend. It also comes amid bipartisan concerns on Capitol Hill over recent troop withdrawals from the continent.
In May, the Pentagon announced the withdrawal of 5,000 troops from Germany. Sen. Roger Wicker of Mississippi and Rep. Mike Rogers of Alabama, the GOP chairmen of the Senate and House Armed Services Committees, released a statement saying they were “concerned” by the decision.
“Any significant change to the U.S. force posture in Europe warrants a deliberate review process and close coordination with Congress and our allies,” Wicker and Rogers wrote.
The Pentagon also reduced the number of brigade combat teams assigned to Europe, a move that also took some members of Congress by surprise.
During a House Armed Services Committee hearing, GOP Rep. Austin Scott of Georgia told Army leaders that “these are major decisions that appear to many of the members of this committee to be last-minute decisions.”
There are currently about 80,000 U.S. troops in Europe. Congress has already required the Pentagon to submit a plan before cutting forces below 76,000. The Senate Armed Service Committee’s draft version of this year’s defense policy bill, known as the NDAA, would add an additional check.
The current bill, which was voted out of the committee last week, would require the defense secretary to submit an assessment of the impact of any drawdown 120 days before implementing it.
In his announcement of the review, Hegseth said some allies were committed to “freeriding” on America’s support because they were not showing tangible progress towards spending 5% of GDP on defense by 2035, a target NATO established during last year’s summit in The Hague.
Estimates released by NATO earlier this year showed 31 of the 32 member countries spent 2% of GDP on defense in 2025, an increase from 18 that did so in 2024. President Trump repeatedly pushed NATO allies to meet the 2% target during his first administration.
Republican Sen. Thom Tillis, a co-chair of the Senate NATO Observer Group, noted the “tremendous progress” to ramping up defense spending during an event Wednesday at the Atlantic Council. But he said that allies should use the upcoming summit to discuss shortfalls in the capacity to produce weapons.
“I think as people acknowledge that one of the reasons why the family is having a fight is because some of the brothers and sisters were just not stepping up to the level the family expected, then we can have a good discourse with this president,” Tillis said.
“What we don’t want to have in Ankara is some discussion of us reducing our commitment to NATO. That’s the worst possible thing that can come from that,” the senator said before the review was announced.
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