2026年6月2日 / 美国东部时间下午4:03 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
作者：梅根·塞鲁洛 《财经观察》记者
经济学家表示，远程工作曾在很大程度上被视为疫情时期的一项福利，如今却正在损害年轻劳动者的就业前景。
纽约联邦储备银行的最新研究显示，疫情以来年轻大学毕业生的失业率上升，其中64%都可归因于远程办公安排。该研究发现，当管理者不在同一物理空间时，培训和指导年轻员工的难度会更大。
美联储研究经济学家纳塔莉亚·埃曼纽尔在一篇博客文章中写道：“因此，企业在远程办公模式下可能不愿聘用经验不足的员工。”
她补充道：“雇主可能不愿将应届毕业生纳入远程团队，因为从远处教授他们所需技能的难度更高。”
2017年至2019年，29岁以下大学毕业生的平均失业率为3.1%。相比之下，2022年至2025年，该群体的失业率升至3.7%。
埃曼纽尔表示，远程办公的增长是“青年失业率上升的主要原因”，并指出应届大学毕业生失业率的上升早于人工智能的广泛应用。
“截至目前的证据表明，远程办公的兴起确实对年轻大学毕业生近期面临的困境起到了重要推动作用，”她说。
多位经济学家表示，尽管人工智能似乎正在推高科技行业的裁员人数，但目前尚未对美国整体劳动力市场产生重大影响。根据职业介绍公司挑战者、格雷与圣诞节的研究，今年以来企业已宣布近5万个与人工智能相关的裁员计划。该公司数据显示，这些裁员约占2026年迄今宣布的30万总裁员人数的17%。
高盛集团分析师估计，人工智能已将美国目前4.3%的失业率推高了0.1个百分点，并指出此次失业率上升主要影响经验不足的劳动者。
编辑：阿兰·谢特
This is the main reason some college grads are struggling to find work — and it’s not AI
June 2, 2026 / 4:03 PM EDT / CBS News
By Megan Cerullo Reporter, MoneyWatch
Remote work, once seen largely as a pandemic-era perk, is hurting young workers’ employment prospects, economists say.
Work-from-home arrangements account for 64% of the jump in unemployment among young college graduates since the pandemic, according to new research from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. It’s harder for managers to train and mentor young workers when they aren’t physically in the same space, the study found.
“Accordingly, companies may be reluctant to hire less-experienced workers in distributed work arrangements,” Fed research economist Natalia Emanual wrote in a blog post.
“Employers may not want to hire fresh graduates onto distributed teams because it is more difficult to teach them the requisite skills from afar,” she added.
From 2017 to 2019, the average unemployment rate for college grads under 29 years old was 3.1%. By contrast, from 2022 to 2025, joblessness for the group rose to 3.7%.
Emanual said that the growth of remote work explains “the bulk of the rise in youth unemployment,” noting that the recent rise in the jobless rate for recent college grads predates widespread adoption of AI.
“[T]he evidence to date suggests that the rise of remote work has meaningfully contributed to the recent challenges facing young college graduates,” she said.
Many economists say that AI hasn’t yet had much impact on the overall U.S. labor market, although it appears to be pushing up layoffs in the technology industry. Companies have announced nearly 50,000 job cuts this year linked to AI, according to research from outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas. Those layoffs account for roughly 17% of the roughly 300,000 total job cuts announced so far in 2026, the firm’s figures show.
Goldman Sachs analysts estimate that AI has increased the nation’s unemployment rate, now at 4.3%, by 0.1 percentage points, noting that the increase mostly affects less experienced workers.
Edited by Alain Sherter
发表回复