2026-05-26T23:18:02.798Z / 路透社
*2026年5月23日，美国纽约州西点军校毕业典礼上，学员们将帽子抛向空中。路透社/爱德华多·穆尼奥斯/档案照片
5月26日（路透社）——一名联邦法官周二阻止美国西点军校执行一项前总统唐纳德·特朗普时期出台的限制教员言论的政策，此案引发了军事教育领域言论自由的广泛争议。
美国纽约州怀特普莱恩斯的联邦地区法官凯西·赛贝尔发布了一项初步禁令，这是平民法学教授蒂姆·巴肯所申请的。巴肯于去年9月提起集体诉讼，指控这所顶尖陆军院校审查言论，违反了美国宪法第一修正案。
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此案的核心是2025年2月出台的一项政策，要求教员在以官方身份公开演讲或发表作品前必须获得事先批准，以及同年8月发布的一项禁令，禁止教员在课堂上分享个人观点。
赛贝尔阻止西点军校对其所有平民教员执行2025年2月的政策，并禁止该校限制巴肯向学生讲授其所授课程相关内容时表达个人观点。
“西点军校的学员从定义上来说就已经聪明、坚韧且富有爱国精神，”赛贝尔写道，“他们不是那种会因接触有争议的议题或不同观点而受到伤害的‘玻璃心’。”
她表示，巴肯提供了证据，证明这项政策调整的目的是迫使教员的言论与特朗普的观点保持一致，并遵守他2025年1月签署的一项行政命令。
该行政命令禁止西点军校和其他美国军事院校宣扬某些“非美国式、分裂性、歧视性、激进、极端和非理性的理论”。
该命令还禁止授课内容称美国建国文件存在种族主义或性别歧视，并要求各军事院校强调美国及其建国文件始终是一股向善的力量。
赛贝尔称这些限制是对平民教员言论“广泛且无标准”的干预，很可能违反了第一修正案的言论自由保护条款。
这位由共和党总统乔治·W·布什任命的法官表示，如果任务是培养美国未来的军事军官，那么限制课堂讨论“是荒谬的”。
西点军校在一份声明中表示，将与美国司法部律师合作制定后续行动方案。
巴肯的律师乔纳森·戈德曼和斯蒂芬·伯格斯坦在联合声明中称赞这一裁决是“对军校言论自由的有力支持”。
“第一修正案保护我们所有人，无论身处西点军校内外，”他们说道。
内特·雷蒙德波士顿报道；桑吉夫·米格拉尼编辑
US judge halts West Point faculty speech curbs under Trump-era policy
2026-05-26T23:18:02.798Z / Reuters
Cadets throw their hats in the air during the commencement ceremony for the U.S. Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York, U.S., May 23, 2026. REUTERS/Eduardo Munoz/File Photo
May 26 (Reuters) – A federal judge on Tuesday blocked the U.S. Military Academy at West Point from enforcing a policy adopted under President Donald Trump that restricted faculty speech, in a case that raised broader questions about free expression in military education.
U.S. District Judge Cathy Seibel in White Plains, New York issued a
preliminary injunction
sought by Tim Bakken, a civilian law professor who in a class-action lawsuit filed in September accused the elite Army institution of censoring speech in violation of the U.S. Constitution’s First Amendment.
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The case centers on a February 2025 policy requiring faculty to obtain prior approval before speaking publicly or publishing in an official capacity, and an August directive barring them from sharing personal opinions in the classroom.
Seibel blocked West Point from enforcing the February 2025 policy against any of its civilian faculty, and barred it from restricting Bakken from expressing his opinions to his students on the subjects he teaches.
“West Point cadets are already, by definition, smart, tough and patriotic,” Seibel wrote. “They are not snowflakes who will somehow be harmed by learning about controversial issues or competing viewpoints.”
She said Bakken had presented evidence that the policy shift was intended to compel faculty to align their speech with Trump’s views and comply with an executive order he signed in January 2025.
The order barred West Point and other U.S. military academies from promoting certain “un-American, divisive, discriminatory, radical, extremist, and irrational theories.”
It also prohibited teaching that America’s founding documents are racist or sexist and required academies to emphasize that the United States and its founding documents remain a force for good.
Seibel called the restrictions a “broad and standardless” intrusion on the speech of civilian faculty members that likely violated the First Amendment’s free speech protections.
The judge, who was appointed by Republican President George W. Bush, said restricting classroom discussion was also “nonsensical if the mission is to prepare the nation’s future military officers.”
West Point in a statement said it will work with U.S. Department of Justice attorneys on next steps.
Bakken’s lawyers, Jonathan Goldman and Stephen Bergstein, in a joint statement hailed the ruling as a “ringing endorsement of freedom of speech in the academy.”
“The First Amendment protects all of us, inside and outside West Point,” they said.
Reporting by Nate Raymond in Boston; Editing by Sanjeev Miglani
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