2026-05-14 17:41:56 UTC / 路透社
戴维·谢泼德森 撰稿
2026年5月14日 世界协调时下午5:41 更新，距发布已过去36分钟
2026年4月23日，美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶，车辆在110号高速公路上驶向洛杉矶市中心。路透社/迈克·布雷克 购买授权，将在新标签页打开
- 规定执行推迟至2029年车型年
- 新规涵盖六种造成雾霾的污染物
- 环保署称推迟将为汽车制造商节省17亿美元
- 环保组织称此举将增加疾病与死亡案例
华盛顿，5月14日（路透社）——美国环境保护署周四提议推迟执行一项要求大幅削减机动车空气污染的监管规定。
美国环保署估算，推迟执行前总统乔·拜登的反污染规定将为汽车制造商节省17亿美元。环保组织批评这一推迟决定，称其将导致可预防疾病和过早死亡案例增加。
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美国环保署表示，周四早些时候由路透社率先报道的这项提议，将把轻型和中型汽车的合规期限推迟两年，至2029年车型年。该机构援引美国电动汽车销量下滑的情况，称这使得更严格的污染规定对制造商而言难以实现。
2024年4月，拜登政府时期的美国环保署敲定一项规定，要求在2027至2032车型年期间，大幅削减乘用车和商用车排放的所谓“标准污染物”。
Sierra俱乐部（美国 Sierra 俱乐部）批评推迟收紧汽油车污染物排放限制的举措。该组织表示，减少排放“可通过许多车辆已采用的实用、低成本技术轻松实现”。
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Sierra俱乐部补充称，美国环保署的分析“表明推迟排放标准将大幅增加有害污染、可预防疾病和过早死亡人数”。
代表通用汽车（GM.N）、丰田汽车（7203.T）、大众汽车（VOWG.DE）、福特汽车（F.N）、 Stellantis（STLAM.MI）、现代汽车（005380.KS）等车企的行业组织——汽车创新联盟表示，考虑到当前市场状况，美国环保署的提议“非常合理”。
该组织首席执行官约翰·博泽拉表示，拜登政府的排放标准“除非电动汽车销量大幅增长，否则无法实现”，且将使汽油车价格上涨。
拜登政府的规定要求，到2032年，轻型车辆的六种“标准污染物”排放量需减少50%，中型车辆需减少58%。这六种污染物分别为臭氧、颗粒物、一氧化碳、二氧化氮、二氧化硫和铅。
2024年，美国环保署估算，减少造成烟尘和雾霾形成的标准污染物排放，每年可带来130亿美元的综合效益。
特朗普政府已采取一系列措施放松机动车监管。今年2月，该政府正式废除了针对机动车的“有害影响认定”——2009年的一项裁定称温室气体排放危害人类健康，这一裁定赋予美国环保署监管机动车排放的权力。
去年12月，美国交通部提议大幅降低2022至2031车型年的燃油经济性要求，要求到2031年平均油耗降至每加仑34.5英里，低于此前的50.4英里。
今年，特朗普签署法案，终止对汽车制造商的燃油经济性罚款，美国交通部称，车企无需缴纳2022车型年以来的相关罚款。
戴维·谢泼德森 报道；妮娅·威廉姆斯与戴维·格雷戈里 编辑
我们的报道准则：汤姆森路透社信托原则，将在新标签页打开
US EPA proposes delaying enforcement of Biden vehicle pollution rule
2026-05-14 17:41:56 UTC / Reuters
By David Shepardson
May 14, 2026 5:41 PM UTC Updated 36 mins ago
Vehicles drive on the 110 freeway towards downtown Los Angeles, in Los Angeles, California, U.S., April 23, 2026. REUTERS/Mike Blake Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
- Enforcement of rule delayed until 2029 model year
- Rule covers six pollutants responsible for smog
- EPA says delay will save automakers $1.7 billion
- Environmental groups say move will increase illness, deaths
WASHINGTON, May 14 (Reuters) – The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday proposed a delay in enforcement of a regulation requiring significant cuts in air pollution from vehicles.
The EPA estimated that delaying former President Joe Biden’s anti-pollution rule would save automakers $1.7 billion. Environmental groups criticized the delay, saying it would lead to an increase in preventable illness and premature deaths.
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The EPA said the proposal, first reported by Reuters earlier Thursday, would delay compliance deadlines for light- and medium-duty vehicles for two years until the 2029 model year. It cited the decline in U.S. sales of electric vehicles, which it said made the more stringent pollution rules unattainable for manufacturers.
In April 2024, Biden’s EPA finalized a rule requiring significant reductions in so-called “criteria pollutants” emitted from passenger and commercial vehicles from the 2027 through 2032 model years.
The Sierra Club criticized the move to delay enforcement of more stringent limits on pollutants from gasoline-powered vehicles. The group said the reductions are “readily achievable using commonsense, low-cost technologies already used by many vehicles.”
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The Sierra Club added that EPA’s analysis “shows that delaying the standards would sharply increase harmful pollution, preventable illness, and premature deaths.”
The Alliance for Automotive Innovation, a trade group representing General Motors GM.N, Toyota Motor 7203.T, Volkswagen VOWG.DE, Ford F.N, Stellantis STLAM.MI, Hyundai 005380.KS and others, said the EPA proposal “makes a lot of sense given current market conditions.”
The group’s CEO John Bozzella said the Biden emission standards were “unachievable absent significant growth in electric vehicle sales” and would make gasoline-powered vehicles more expensive.
The Biden rules require a 50% reduction through 2032 for light vehicles and a 58% cut for medium-duty vehicles in the six so-called “criteria pollutants”: ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and lead.
In 2024, EPA estimated $13 billion in annualized benefits due to reduced emissions of criteria pollutants that contribute to the formation of soot and smog.
The Trump administration has taken a series of steps to roll back vehicle regulations. In February, it finalized its repeal of the “endangerment finding” for vehicles, a 2009 determination that greenhouse gas emissions endanger human health, which gave EPA authority to regulate emissions from vehicles.
In December, the Transportation Department proposed significantly reducing the fuel economy requirements from model years 2022 to 2031, requiring 34.5 miles per gallon on average by 2031, down from 50.4 miles per gallon.
This year, Trump signed legislation that ended fuel economy penalties for automakers, and USDOT said they faced no fines dating back to the 2022 model year.
Reporting by David Shepardson; Editing by Nia Williams and David Gregorio
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