2026年5月2日 美国东部时间早上6:00 / CNN
作者：卡安妮塔·艾尔、派珀·赫奇斯·布莱克本、阿丽娜·法亚兹
更新于2026年5月2日 美国东部时间早上6:08
阿尔贝托·米尔/CNN 插画
今年春季，当游客在大提顿国家公园游客中心看到19世纪探险家古斯塔夫斯·切尼·杜恩的雕像时，原本立在雕像下方的解说牌已经不见踪影。
这块解说牌曾向游客发问：“我们该如何铭记一个人物的功与过？”它指出杜恩的探险队促成了美国首个国家公园的设立，但同时也提到，他曾参与屠杀至少173名皮埃甘黑脚族族人，并且终其一生都对此自夸不已。
这一移除行为被写入针对内政部的诉讼中。内政部负责管理美国国家公园，而这只是特朗普总统2025年3月签署的行政命令引发的诸多变革之一。该行政命令指示该机构对“不恰当地贬低美国过往或当下民众”的公共内容“采取行动”。
特朗普政府辩称，这项命令确保美国历史以积极正面的形象呈现。但批评者表示，这正在抹除美国历史的一部分。
“我们正在再次屠杀他们，”自称“策马东行者”的黑脚族成员汤姆·罗杰斯说道，他指的是那场屠杀的受害者，并将其称为美洲原住民“最令人不齿的历史经历之一”。
“我认为我们国家如今到了这样一个阶段：人们觉得说出一半的真相就等于说出了全部真相，而这本身就是一种谎言，”他说，“这简直是奥威尔式的操作。”
汤姆·罗杰斯/“策马东行者”于4月30日周四在华盛顿特区拍摄肖像照。罗杰斯告诉CNN，他的使命源于对本族人民的热爱，以及对已故伴侣的深情——他的伴侣“如今栖身于狼径之上的繁星之中”，他西装上的星徽正是为纪念她而设计。
曼西·斯里瓦斯塔瓦/CNN
随着美国迎来旅游旺季，政府前所未有的文化整顿痕迹将在全美各地的国家公园展露无遗。追踪国家公园管理局展示内容变化的倡导组织“拯救我们的标识”表示，大提顿公园的解说牌移除只是根据该行政命令实施的至少45项改动之一。
例如，在加利福尼亚州的穆尔森林国家纪念地，介绍原住民和女性贡献的解说牌被移除，其中一块牌子曾告知游客，约翰·穆尔在日记中曾用种族主义语言指代原住民，并且无视“他们所经历的种族灭绝”。
“这助长了原住民不属于公园的观念，”该牌子曾如此写道。
政府还针对气候变化警告展开行动，而气候变化是影响自然景观中纪念物的一个因素。
在南卡罗来纳州的萨姆特堡国家纪念地，一块包含气候变化迫近影响细节的解说牌被彻底移除，其中提到“海平面上升可能淹没堡垒的大部分城墙，淹没历史阅兵场”。
内政部告诉CNN，在萨姆特堡，他们“采取行动将没有科学依据的材料替换为准确、基于证据且符合现实世界情况的信息”。
与此同时，在华盛顿特区，关于开国元勋乔治·梅森的展示内容移除了相关表述，提及他尽管是“个人权利”的拥护者，却“自相矛盾地”拥有奴隶。
关于开国元勋乔治·梅森的新展板并未提及他曾拥有奴隶。
卡安妮塔·艾尔/CNN
这些移除行动正值美国迎来反思本国历史的重要时刻，今年全年都将举办纪念建国250周年的庆祝活动。
特朗普政府的举措遭到了一些议员和倡导组织的反对。今年2月，一个由保护主义者和活动人士组成的联盟提起诉讼，援引杜恩雕像解说牌等被移除的事件作为证据，指责政府“发起一场持续运动，抹除历史、破坏科学”。这起在马萨诸塞州提起的诉讼目前仍在审理中。
内政部告诉CNN：“这项努力并非要移除历史，而是要确保由纳税人资助的展示以平衡、符合事实且恰当的方式呈现历史，反映美国的完整故事，包括其非凡成就与挑战。”
该部门表示，移除决定“在适当情况下”征求了专家和当地公园负责人的意见，并辩称该指令“增强了公众信任，有助于游客更好地理解美国故事的复杂性”。
大范围移除行动
特朗普签署行政命令后，内政部下令对国家公园内的展品、影片、小册子和标识等内容进行审查。
该部门还指示国家公园管理局鼓励游客就标识发表评论，包括是否注意到任何“贬低过往或当下美国人”的负面信息。
如果某一内容被认定与特朗普的行政命令“不一致”，则可能被移除或替换。
据CNN获得的国家公园管理局内部数据库显示，已有数百个展示品被标记待审查。
2025年3月的穆尔森林国家纪念地标识，其中包含原住民和女性对保护穆尔森林的贡献细节。
“拯救我们的标识”
2025年9月的穆尔森林国家纪念地标识。
“拯救我们的标识”
被标记的内容包括一系列被认为可能“贬低过往或当下美国人”的多样化项目。
被标记待审查的物品包括在售的关于奴隶制的书籍、关于二战期间日裔美国人被强制拘留的展示品，以及一部关于马萨诸塞州19世纪磨坊工人的影片。
虽然该数据库并未说明哪些内容已被移除，但其中的备注反映了部门指导方针的解读范围有多广。
一处被标记的展示品提及废奴主义者伊莱贾·帕里什·洛夫乔伊被杀害。“这份文件称‘暴徒谋杀’了一名废奴主义者。这是否贬低了凶手？”备注问道。该建议将铭文改写为“废奴主义编辑伊莱贾·洛夫乔伊因观点被谋杀”。
圣克罗伊岛国家公园的一块展板被备注称，其“讨论了奴隶制及其与制糖业的联系，一些人可能会觉得这令人反感或不当”。
杜恩雕像下方的解说牌被标记，备注称其为“临时”设置，可“根据需要”移除。
大提顿国家公园游客中心的古斯塔夫斯·切尼·杜恩雕像。
诺亚·本·哈穆
未注明日期的杜恩肖像。
美国国会图书馆
内政部辩称，该数据库“在被不恰当地、非法地泄露给媒体之前已被编辑，其方式歪曲了这项工作的实际情况”，但未具体说明修改了哪些内容。
“篡改内部记录并泄露信息以伤害特朗普政府的员工将被追究责任，”该机构在一份声明中表示。
一位熟悉该数据库的消息人士向CNN证实了其内容的准确性，并表示修改仅涉及格式。
前国家公园管理局区域主管基姆·霍尔于2024年10月退休，她告诉CNN，她从现任机构工作人员那里得知，在被要求开展标识更换和移除工作后，员工们疲惫不堪且士气低落。
“这是反复出现的主题……‘这不是我当初应聘时的工作，因为这不符合我们作为一个机构的身份’，”霍尔在谈及与朋友和前同事的对话时说道。
倡导者发起反击
自去年夏天开始移除行动以来，多名国家公园倡导者一直在反驳政府所谓“还原真相”的说法。
“当我们试图控制一个不真实的叙事时，我们就是在伤害自己，伤害自己的灵魂，”罗杰斯告诉CNN。
罗杰斯曾参与黄石国家公园的杜恩山更名活动，将其改为“第一民族山”。他指责政府试图通过移除大提顿公园的解说牌来“篡改”杜恩的遗产。
罗杰斯于4月30日周四在华盛顿特区拍摄肖像照。
CNN/曼西·斯里瓦斯塔瓦/CNN
穆尔森林标识的联合创作者伊丽莎白·维拉诺在领英上针对当地的标识变更发表评论称，政府正在“抹去一半的叙事”。
反对声也取得了喜忧参半的成果。
上个月，一家联邦法院阻止国家公园管理局更换费城总统府遗址上与奴隶制相关的展品。批评者称，新展板淡化了该展览的内容，该展览旨在纪念被乔治华盛顿奴役的人士。
国会参众两院的民主党人最晚在4月也曾致信内政部领导层，要求该机构进一步说明审查情况。
据参议员马丁·海因里希以及众议员沙丽斯·戴维兹和贾里德·哈夫曼的办公室透露，内政部尚未回复国会民主党人的信件。
历史的意义
哈夫曼还对在美国建国250周年纪念活动仅数月前发生的这场文化整顿表示担忧。“真实的历史正在国家公园和博物馆中被漂白和审查，”哈夫曼在2月的一场听证会上表示，“我们应该通过讲述真相来纪念美国建国250周年。”
国家公园保护协会高级主任艾伦·斯皮尔斯告诉CNN：“所谓‘需要还原美国历史的真相和理智’，是美国历史上最大的转移注意力的手段之一。这是在试图解决一个实际上并不存在、从未真正存在过的问题。”
白宫为移除行动辩护。在一份声明中，白宫发言人泰勒·罗杰斯告诉CNN，特朗普“正在纪念我国非凡的遗产，恢复民族自豪感”。
“总统终结了激进左翼分裂且不准确的国家历史描述，这种描述渗透到了我们的国家公园和博物馆中，如今正在还原真相和理智，”她说。
但黑脚族成员罗杰斯指出，历史的进程会改变：如今掌权的人不会永远掌权，“总有一天，我们会选择时机和场合来纠正这一切”，他说。
‘We are killing them all over again’: Critics say history is being erased as Trump reshapes narratives at national parks
May 2, 2026 6:00 AM ET / CNN
By Kaanita Iyer, Piper Hudspeth Blackburn, Aleena Fayaz
Updated May 2, 2026, 6:08 AM ET
Photo Illustration by Alberto Mier/CNN
When tourists see a statue of Gustavus Cheyney Doane, a 19th-century explorer, at a Grand Teton National Park visitor center this spring, a marker beneath it that used to be there will now be missing.
It had asked visitors: “How do we acknowledge the good and bad of a figure?” pointing out that Doane’s expedition led to the designation of the first national park – but also that he helped lead a massacre of at least 173 members of the Piegan Blackfeet – an act he bragged about throughout his life.
Its removal was cited in a lawsuit against the Department of the Interior, which manages the country’s national parks, as one of many changes wrought by President Donald Trump’s March 2025 executive order directing the agency to “take action” against public content that “inappropriately disparage Americans past or living.”
The Trump administration argues the order ensures that American history is portrayed in a positive light. But critics say it is erasing elements of the nation’s past.
“We are killing them all over again,” said Tom Rodgers, a member of the Blackfeet Nation who is known as One Who Rides His Horse East, referring to victims of the massacre, which he called one of the “most despicable historical experiences” for Native Americans.
“I think we’re at a point in our country where people think that if you tell half the truth, you’ve told all the truth, and that in itself, is a lie,” he said. “It’s Orwellian.”
Tom Rodgers/One Who Rides His Horse East poses for a portrait in Washington, DC, on Thursday, April 30. Rodgers told CNN his mission stems from a love for his native people and a love story for his late partner, who “now resides amongst the stars” of the Wolf’s Trail, with the stars placed on his suit in memory of her.
Maansi Srivastava/CNN
As the country heads into peak tourist season, evidence of the administration’s unprecedented cultural overhaul will be on display at national parks around the country. The removal of the words at Grand Teton is one of at least 45 changes that were carried out under the executive order, according to Save Our Signs, an advocacy group that tracks changes to National Park Service displays.
For example, in California’s Muir Woods National Monument, signs on the contributions of Native Americans and women have been removed, including a note informing visitors that John Muir once referred to indigenous people using racist language in his diaries and ignored “the genocide they survived.”
“This contributes to an idea that indigenous people don’t belong in parks,” the sign once said.
The administration has also taken aim at warnings about climate change, a factor that impacts monuments placed in natural landscapes.
At South Carolina’s Fort Sumter National Monument, a sign that included details on the looming impacts of climate change, including information on how “rising seas could inundate most of the fort’s walls and flood the historic parade ground” has been removed in its entirety.
The Interior Department told CNN that at Fort Sumter, it “acted to replace materials that were not grounded in real science with information that is accurate, evidence-based, and aligned with how the world actually works.”
Meanwhile, in Washington, DC, a display on George Mason, a founding father, has removed references to him “paradoxically” owning slaves despite being a champion of “individual rights.”
A new panel on founding father George Mason does not mention that he was a slaveowner.
Kaanita Iyer/CNN
The removals come as America enters a moment replete with opportunity to reflect upon its history, with celebrations to commemorate its 250th birthday throughout this year.
The Trump administration’s efforts have drawn backlash from some lawmakers and advocacy groups, including the February lawsuit from a coalition of conservationists and advocates citing the Doane and other sign removals. It accused the administration of “mounting a sustained campaign to erase history and undermine science.” The case in Massachusetts is still pending.
The Interior Department told CNN: “This effort is not about removing history. It is about ensuring taxpayer-funded displays present history in a balanced, factual and appropriate manner that reflects America’s full story, including its extraordinary achievements and its challenges.”
Experts and local park leaders were consulted “as appropriate” for removal decisions, it said, and argued that the directive “strengthens public trust and helps visitors better understand the complexity of America’s story.”
Widespread removal
Following Trump’s executive order, the Interior Department ordered a review of content such as exhibits, films, pamphlets and signs at national parks.
The department also directed NPS to encourage national park visitors to submit comments on signs, including whether they notice any “negative” messaging about “either past or living Americans.”
If an item was deemed to be “inconsistent” with Trump’s executive order, it could be removed or replaced.
According to an internal NPS database seen by CNN, hundreds of displays were flagged for review.
Signage at the Muir Woods National Monument in March 2025, which includes details about the contributions of Native Americans and women to the preservation of Muir Woods.
Save Our Signs
Signage at the Muir Woods National Monument, in September 2025.
Save Our Signs
The array of content flagged included a diverse set of items deemed as potentially disparaging to Americans “past or living.”
Items marked for review include books for sale about slavery, displays about the forced internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, and a film about 19th century mill workers in Massachusetts.
While it does not say which were removed, it contains notes that reflect how widely department guidance was interpreted.
One flagged display recalled abolitionist Elijah Parish Lovejoy’s killing. “This document states a ‘mob murders’ an abolitionist. Does this denigrate the murderers?” the comment asks. It suggests rewording the inscription to “Abolitionist editor Elijah Lovejoy is murdered for his views.”
A panel at a National Park in St. Croix is flagged with a note saying it “discusses the slave trade and its connection to the sugar industry which some may find disparaging or inappropriate.”
The sign below Doane’s statue was flagged with a comment noting that it was “temporary” and could be removed “as necessary.”
A statue of Gustavus Cheyney Doane at a Grand Teton National Park visitor center.
Noa Ben Hamou
An undated portrait of Doane.
Library of Congress
The Interior Department contended that the database was “edited before being inappropriately and illegally released to the media in ways that misrepresented the status of this effort,” but did not specify what was changed.
“Employees who altered internal records and leaked in an effort to hurt the Trump administration will be held accountable,” the agency said in a statement.
A source familiar with the database confirmed the accuracy of its contents to CNN, and that the changes were only in formatting.
Kym Hall, a former NPS regional director who retired in October 2024, told CNN that she has heard from current agency staff that they are burned out and demoralized after being required to carry out sign changes and removals.
“That’s the recurring theme … ‘This isn’t what I signed up for because this isn’t who we are as an organization,’” Hall said of her conversations with friends and former colleagues.
Advocates push back
Since the removals began last summer, several national park advocates have been pushing back against the administration’s claims that it is restoring the truth.
“We do great damage to ourselves, our own souls when we seek to control a narrative that is not true,” Rodgers told CNN.
Rodgers — who was part of the effort that renamed Mount Doane in Yellowstone National Park to First Peoples Mountain — accused the administration of attempting to “spin” Doane’s legacy with the sign removal at Grand Teton.
Rodgers poses for a portrait in Washington, DC, on Thursday, April 30.
CNN/Maansi Srivastava/CNN
The administration is “erasing half of the narrative” Elizabeth Villano, a co-creator of the Muir Woods sign, wrote in a LinkedIn post in response to the sign changes there.
Pushback has brought mixed success.
Last month, a federal court blocked the NPS from going forward with plans to replace slavery-related exhibits at the President’s House Site in Philadelphia. Critics said that the new panels sanitized the exhibition, which was erected to recognize individuals enslaved by George Washington.
Democrats in the House and Senate have sent letters to Interior Department leadership as recently as April, asking for further clarity about the agency’s review.
The Interior Department has not responded to letters from Democrats in Congress, according to the offices of Sen. Martin Heinrich and Reps. Sharice Davids and Jared Huffman.
The meaning of history
Huffman also expressed alarm at the cultural overhaul taking place just months ahead of the 250th anniversary of the country’s founding. “Actual history is getting whitewashed and censored from national parks and museums,” Huffman said at a February hearing, “We should honor the 250th anniversary of America by telling the truth.”
Alan Spears, a senior director at the National Parks Conservation Association, told CNN: “This notion of needing to restore truth and sanity to American history is one of the largest red herrings in American history. It’s trying to resolve a problem that doesn’t really exist, that never really existed.”
The White House defended the removals. In a statement, White House spokesperson Taylor Rogers told CNN that Trump “is honoring our country’s extraordinary heritage and restoring a sense of national pride.”
“The President has put an end to the radical left’s divisive and inaccurate characterization of our nation’s history, which infiltrated our national parks and museums, and is restoring truth and sanity,” she said.
But the course of history changes, Rodgers, the Blackfeet Nation member, noted: Those in charge now won’t be in power forever, “and there will be a time and a place of our choosing to rectify this,” he said.
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