2026年5月1日 / 美国东部时间晚上7:24 / 哥伦比亚广播公司/美联社
美国联邦上诉法院周五限制了美国最常见的堕胎手段之一的使用途径，禁止邮寄米非司酮处方。
总部位于新奥尔良的美国第五巡回上诉法院的一个合议庭要求，这种堕胎药只能在诊所内面对面发放。
“食品药品监督管理局的行为所促成的每一例堕胎，都将推翻路易斯安那州对药物堕胎的禁令，并破坏其‘每个未出生的孩子从受孕那一刻起就是人类，因此是法律意义上的人’的政策，”裁决书中写道。
法官们在裁决中表示，现行规定“为跨州开药者提供了一种有效途径，使其能够无视路易斯安那州法律，将药物交到该州居民手中”。
长期以来，法官们一直尊重美国食品药品监督管理局对药物安全性和适当监管的判断。
特朗普政府时期的FDA官员曾多次表示，应总统指示，该机构正在对米非司酮的安全性进行新一轮审查。
法官们在裁决中指出，FDA“无法说明该审查何时完成，并承认仍在收集数据”。
在一份法庭文件中，路易斯安那州总检察长和一名声称自己被迫服用堕胎药的女性要求FDA将相关规定恢复到仅允许面对面开具和发放堕胎药的状态。
一名路易斯安那州联邦法官上月裁定，这些许可规定破坏了该州的堕胎禁令，但并未立即撤销相关监管条例。
自2022年最高法院推翻“罗伊诉韦德案”裁决并允许各州实施堕胎禁令以来，通过邮寄处方进行药物堕胎已成为提供堕胎服务的主要方式之一——包括在实施堕胎禁令的州。
“路易斯安那州对米非司酮的法律攻击无耻地将谎言和宣传包装成限制堕胎的借口，而第五巡回法院却对其照单全收，”美国公民自由联盟律师朱莉娅·凯周五在一份声明中说道。“对无数人来说，尤其是那些生活在农村地区、遭受亲密伴侣暴力或残疾人士，失去远程医疗选项将意味着彻底无法获得这种至关重要的药物。”
米非司酮于2000年获批，作为一种安全有效的早期妊娠终止手段。它通常与另一种药物米索前列醇联合使用。
由于存在罕见的大出血病例，FDA最初对该药物的开具和发放设定了严格限制——仅允许经过专门认证的医生开具，且必须在患者当面就诊时给药。
新冠疫情期间，这两项要求均被取消。当时拜登政府的FDA官员表示，在对米非司酮的使用情况进行了20多年的监测，并审查了涉及数千名女性的数十项研究后，显然女性无需直接监督即可安全使用该药物。
周五的裁决可能会引发向最高法院的上诉。
在一份声明中，“生殖自由支持组织”表示，周五的裁决“距离全国性堕胎禁令又近了一步”。
“路易斯安那州的这起案件建立在早已被驳倒的伪科学之上，”生殖自由支持组织主席兼首席执行官米妮·蒂马鲁在一份声明中说道。“米非司酮的安全性从未真正受到过质疑。随着这起案件进入美国最高法院，我们将继续斗争，直到每个人都能获得所需的医疗服务。”
以保守派占多数的最高法院于2022年废除了全国范围内的堕胎权，但在两年后一致裁定保留米非司酮的使用许可。
然而，2024年的这项裁决回避了核心问题，裁定提起诉讼的反堕胎医生不具备起诉的法律资格。
Appeals court blocks mailing of abortion pill mifepristone in U.S.
May 1, 2026 / 7:24 PM EDT / CBS/AP
A federal appeals court on Friday restricted access to one of the most common means of abortion in the U.S. by blocking mailing of prescriptions of mifepristone.
A panel of the New Orleans-based 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is requiring that the abortion pill be distributed only in person at clinics.
“Every abortion facilitated by FDA’s action cancels Louisiana’s ban on medical abortions and undermines its policy that ‘every unborn child is human being from the moment of conception and is, therefore, a legal person,’” the ruling states.
In their ruling, the judges stated that the current regulation “creates an effective way for an out-of-state prescriber to place the drug in the hands of Louisianans in defiance of Louisiana law.”
Judges have long deferred to the Food and Drug Administration’s judgments on the safety and appropriate regulation of drugs.
FDA officials under President Trump have repeatedly stated the agency is conducting a new review of mifepristone’s safety, at the direction of the president.
The judges noted in their ruling that the FDA “could not say when that review might be complete and admitted it was still collecting data.”
In a court filing, Louisiana’s attorney general and a woman who says she was coerced into taking abortion pills requested that the FDA rules be rolled back to when the pills were allowed to be prescribed and dispensed only in person.
A Louisiana-based federal judge last month ruled that those allowances undermined the state’s abortion ban but stopped short of undoing the regulations immediately.
Since the Supreme Court’s 2022 ruling that overturned Roe v. Wade and allowed enforcement of abortion bans, prescriptions by mail have become a major way that abortions are provided — including to states where bans are in place.
“Louisiana’s legal attack on mifepristone shamelessly packaged lies and propaganda as an excuse to restrict abortion — and the Fifth Circuit rubber-stamped it,” American Civil Liberties Union lawyer Julia Kaye said Friday in a statement. “For countless people, especially those who live in rural areas, face intimate partner violence, or live with disabilities, losing a telemedicine option will mean losing access to this vital medication altogether.”
Mifepristone was approved in 2000 as a safe and effective way to end early pregnancies. It is typically used in combination with a second drug, misoprostol.
Because of rare cases of excessive bleeding, the FDA initially imposed strict limits on who could prescribe and distribute the pill — only specially certified physicians and only after an in-person appointment where the person would receive the pill.
Both those requirements were dropped during the COVID-19 years. At the time, FDA officials under President Joe Biden said that after more than 20 years of monitoring mifepristone use, and reviewing dozens of studies involving thousands of women, it was clear that women could safely use the pill without direct supervision.
Friday’s ruling sets up a likely appeal to the Supreme Court.
In a statement, Reproductive Freedom for All said Friday’s ruling is “one step closer to a national abortion ban.”
“Louisiana built this case on debunked, junk science,” Reproductive Freedom for All President and CEO Mini Timmaraju said in a statement. “The safety of mifepristone has never actually been in question. As this case moves towards the U.S. Supreme Court, we will fight until every person has access to the care they need.”
The conservative-majority high court overturned abortion as a nationwide right in 2022 but unanimously preserved access to mifepristone two years later.
That 2024 decision sidestepped the core issues, however, by ruling that the anti-abortion doctors behind the case didn’t have legal standing to sue.
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