2026-04-24 21:27:29 UTC / 路透社
作者：内特·雷蒙德
2026年4月24日 美国东部时间晚上9:27 更新于2小时前
- 上诉法院推翻禁制令，允许德克萨斯州实施SB4移民逮捕法
- 移民权利组织与埃尔帕索市在法庭上挑战该法律
- 持反对意见的法官表示联邦法律优先于德克萨斯州的移民执法权
4月24日（路透社）——美国联邦上诉法院周五为德克萨斯州当局实施一项共和党支持的州级法律扫清了道路，该法律将允许当局逮捕和起诉涉嫌非法越境美墨边境的人员。
总部位于新奥尔良的美国第五巡回上诉法院以10票赞成、7票反对的表决结果，推翻了2024年的一项禁制令。该禁制令此前曾阻止这项法律的实施，前民主党总统乔·拜登政府曾就此提起诉讼。
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共和党总统唐纳德·特朗普政府曾撤回联邦政府的诉讼，但这项被称为SB4的德克萨斯州法律仍遭到移民权利组织拉斯·亚美利加移民倡导中心、美国门户组织以及埃尔帕索市的挑战。
德克萨斯州州长格雷格·雅培于2023年12月签署了这项法律，该法律将从外国非法进入或再次进入德克萨斯州定为州级犯罪，并授权州法官下令违规者离开美国，对于拒绝服从者可判处最高20年监禁。
2024年2月一名法官发布初步禁制令阻止该法律实施后，该案被提交至美国最高法院，最高法院短暂允许该法律生效，但几小时后第五巡回上诉法院叫停了该法律，以待进一步审查。
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2025年7月，第五巡回上诉法院一个由2名法官组成的小组以2比1的投票结果维持了禁制令，称该州法律会干扰联邦政府执行美国移民法的能力。
但作为全国最保守的上诉法院之一，在德克萨斯州共和党总检察长肯·帕克斯顿的敦促下，全体上诉法院法官重新审理了此案。
美国巡回法官杰里·史密斯在周五的裁决中表示，仅仅因为法律倡导组织自愿选择为受该法律不利影响的移民增加代理人数，并不意味着它们具备起诉该法律的资格。
“当有进取心的原告将普遍不满重新包装为‘伤害’时，法院理应谨慎行事，”史密斯在一份判决意见中写道，该意见得到了法院除两名共和党任命法官外所有人的支持。
帕克斯顿在一份声明中对这一裁决表示欢迎。“德克萨斯州逮捕非法移民、保护本州公民、执行移民法的权利是根本性的，”他说道。
原告方律师未立即回应置评请求。
共有7名法官持反对意见，其中包括美国巡回法官普里西拉·里奇曼，她是共和党总统乔治·W·布什任命的法官，她表示根据美国最高法院2012年的一项具有约束力的先例，德克萨斯州的法律被联邦法律凌驾。
“德克萨斯州不能制定自己的移民制度，”她写道。
内特·雷蒙德在波士顿报道；马修·刘易斯编辑
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US appeals court allows Texas to enforce migrant arrest law
2026-04-24 21:27:29 UTC / Reuters
By Nate Raymond
April 24, 2026 9:27 PM UTC Updated 2 hours ago
- Appeals court overturns injunction, allowing Texas to enforce SB4 migrant arrest law
- Immigrant rights groups and El Paso challenge the law in court
- Dissenting judges say federal law pre-empts Texas immigration enforcement
April 24 (Reuters) – A federal appeals court on Friday cleared the way for Texas authorities to enforce a Republican-backed state law that would let them arrest and prosecute people suspected of illegally crossing the U.S.-Mexico border.
A 10-7 panel of the New Orleans-based 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals overturned a 2024 injunction that had blocked enforcement of the law, which former Democratic President Joe Biden’s administration had gone to court to challenge.
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Republican President Donald Trump’s administration dropped the federal government’s case, but the Texas law known as SB4 continued to be challenged by immigrant-rights groups Las Americas Immigrant Advocacy Center and American Gateways and the city of El Paso.
That law, which Texas Governor Greg Abbott signed in December 2023, would make it a state crime to illegally enter or re-enter Texas from a foreign country and would empower state judges to order that violators leave the United States, with prison sentences up to 20 years for those who refuse to comply.
After a judge in February 2024 issued a preliminary injunction blocking the law, the case arrived at the U.S. Supreme Court, which briefly allowed the law to take effect before the 5th Circuit within hours halted it pending further review.
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A 2-1 panel of the 5th Circuit in July 2025 upheld the injunction, saying the state law would interfere with the federal government’s ability to enforce U.S. immigration laws.
But the full appeals court, among the most conservative in the nation, agreed to reconsider the case at the urging of Republican Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton.
U.S. Circuit Judge Jerry Smith in Friday’s ruling said that just because the legal advocacy groups voluntarily opted to increase representation of immigrants adversely affected by the law did not mean they had standing to challenge it.
“When enterprising plaintiffs repackage a generalized grievance as an ‘injury,’ courts should rightly exercise caution,” Smith wrote in an opinion joined by all but two of the court’s Republican-appointed judges.
Paxton in a statement hailed the ruling. “Texas’s right to arrest illegals, protect our citizens, and enforce immigration law is fundamental,” he said.
The plaintiffs’ lawyers did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
Seven judges dissented, including U.S. Circuit Judge Priscilla Richman, an appointee of Republican President George W. Bush who said that under a controlling 2012 precedent of the U.S. Supreme Court, Texas’ law was trumped by federal law.
“Texas cannot enact its own immigration regime,” she wrote.
Reporting by Nate Raymond in Boston; Editing by Matthew Lewis
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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