特朗普拟放宽用于治疗创伤后应激障碍的致幻药物管制


2026年4月17日 21:35 UTC 更新于1小时前 / 路透社

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2026年4月17日,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普走下空军一号,抵达美国亚利桑那州凤凰城天港国际机场。路透社/埃文·武奇 摄

  • 内容摘要
  • 特朗普的行政令可能不会大幅改变伊博格碱的法律地位
  • 近期研究显示伊博格碱或可减轻创伤后应激障碍症状,但仍存在安全隐患和研究空白
  • 特朗普此前已放宽大麻和CBD管制,并为CBD治疗设立医保试点项目

华盛顿4月17日路透电 据三位知情人士透露,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普即将下令联邦政府重新评估对一种曾在国际上用于治疗创伤后应激障碍及其他精神疾病的致幻药物的管制措施。

据美国缉毒局介绍,伊博格碱源自非洲本土的一种灌木,在美国被列为第一类管制物质,即被认定为“目前尚无公认的医疗用途,且具有高度滥用潜力”。其他第一类管制药物还包括海洛因和摇头丸。

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在全球范围内,伊博格碱在其合法或管制较松的国家有时被用于治疗精神疾病。墨西哥设有大量伊博格碱治疗中心,常常吸引美国退伍军人前往。

三位知情人士表示,特朗普最快可能于周六签署放宽伊博格碱管制的行政令。由于未获公开发言授权,他们要求匿名。这些人士同时提醒,随着政府敲定最终方案,行政令的部分内容仍有可能调整,且此次重新分类可能不会大幅改变该物质的法律地位。

白宫代表拒绝置评。哥伦比亚广播公司(CBS)率先报道了这项行政令的可能性。

包括特朗普首任任期内的能源部长里克·佩里领导的组织在内的一些退伍军人及其他倡导团体,一直在推动在美国获取伊博格碱的渠道。

佩里与美国伊博格碱倡导组织主席兼首席执行官W·布莱恩·哈伯德于4月1日做客热门播客节目《乔·罗根体验秀》,宣传该药物,并表示希望与特朗普会面讨论此事。

“我真心希望这条信息能传到总统耳中,我也会尽力促成此事,”罗根对二人说道。

2022年发表在《药物滥用治疗杂志》上的一项科学综述研究发现,伊博格碱可减轻物质使用障碍患者的渴求感和戒断症状,或有助于治疗抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍。

大剂量服用伊博格碱可能引发幻觉。该药物还与心脏相关死亡病例有关联,因此有时会配合服用镁补充剂以降低心脏风险。

斯坦福大学研究团队2025年发表在《自然·精神卫生》期刊上的一项研究发现,配合镁补充剂服用伊博格碱,可改善与“认知灵活性”相关的大脑功能,并减轻创伤后应激障碍患者的症状。

“从心理和生理层面来看,已有非常有前景的信号促使我们开展更多研究,”斯坦福大学临床助理教授、神经心理学家柯尔斯滕·切里安说道,她是2025年这项研究的主要研究者之一。“目前仍有许多神经系统疾病无药可治或无法治愈,这就像一条单行道。”

放宽管制

倡导者希望此次行政令能够消除医疗研究和同情性使用的重大障碍。

切里安表示,未来的治疗方案有诸多可能性,但美国临床医生需要能够在国内开展该物质的研究,以收集更优质的医学研究数据,尤其是评估伊博格碱的安全性。

特朗普去年12月签署行政令,放宽对大麻和CBD产品的管制,称赞其潜在的实际医疗应用价值。

根据这项尚未完全实施部分内容的行政令,这些物质仍将受到管制,但联邦政府将承认其“身心依赖潜力为中低水平”,缉毒局表示。该行政令将使患者和研究人员更易获取这些物质。

政府还设立了一项试点项目,通过医疗保险为部分老年人报销用于治疗多种疾病的CBD费用。

得克萨斯州2025年通过立法,鼓励美国食品药品监督管理局批准伊博格碱用于治疗创伤后应激障碍。该州今年承诺拨款5000万美元,资助其自身开展的该药物临床试验,以满足FDA的要求。

“我们的声音终于被听到,退伍军人群体真的有望迎来重大转变,这让我们大大松了一口气,”退伍军人探索治疗解决方案组织的首席执行官兼创始人安伯·卡彭说道。该组织倡导扩大伊博格碱的获取渠道。

她的丈夫是一名海军海豹突击队退伍军人,曾在患有创伤后应激障碍期间使用伊博格碱,二人随后创立了该组织,为这种治疗方式提供支持。

“我们毫无疑心地认为它确实有效,”她说。“但我们不能只说‘相信我们’,必须有研究来证实我们所认定的事实。现在我们感觉终于能够真正取得一些进展了。”

(本报已更正第20段中倡导团体的名称为Veterans Exploring Treatment Solutions)

雅各布·博奇 华盛顿报道;史蒂夫·霍兰 补充报道;科琳·詹金斯、比尔·伯克罗特 编辑

我们的准则:汤森路透信任原则

Trump set to ease restrictions on psychedelic drug used to treat PTSD

April 17, 2026 9:35 PM UTC Updated 1 hour ago / Reuters

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U.S. President Donald Trump disembarks Air Force One, as he arrives at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S., April 17, 2026. REUTERS/Evan Vucci

  • Summary
  • Trump’s order may not significantly change ibogaine’s legal status
  • Recent studies show ibogaine may reduce PTSD symptoms, but safety concerns and research gaps remain
  • Trump previously eased restrictions on marijuana and CBD, creating a Medicare pilot for CBD treatments

WASHINGTON, April 17 (Reuters) – U.S. President Donald Trump is set to order the federal ​government to reevaluate restrictions on a psychedelic drug sometimes used internationally to treat post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health conditions, according to three people familiar ‌with the matter.

Ibogaine, derived from a shrub native to Africa, is a Schedule I substance in the United States, meaning it is deemed to have “no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse,” according to the Drug Enforcement Administration. Other Schedule I drugs include heroin and ecstasy.

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Globally, ibogaine is sometimes used to treat mental health conditions in nations where it is legal or faces fewer restrictions. Mexico has a slew of ibogaine ​treatment centers that often attract U.S. veterans.

An order from Trump easing restrictions on ibogaine could come as soon as Saturday, said the people, who spoke on the condition of ​anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly. The people cautioned that parts of the order could still change as the administration finalizes ⁠its proposal and that the reclassification likely will not substantially alter the substance’s legal status.

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Representatives from the White House declined to comment. CBS first reported the potential for the executive order.

Some ​veterans’ and other advocacy groups, including one led by Trump’s first-term Energy Secretary Rick Perry, have pushed for ibogaine access in the United States.

Perry and W. Bryan Hubbard, the chairman and CEO, ​respectively, of Americans for Ibogaine, appeared on April 1 on the popular “Joe Rogan Experience” podcast to promote the drug and said they hoped to meet with Trump to discuss it.

“I certainly hope that this message reaches the president, and I will try to make sure that it does,” Rogan told the pair.

A 2022 scientific review of studies published in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment found that ibogaine reduced cravings and withdrawal symptoms in ​patients with substance abuse disorders and may help treat depression and PTSD.

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In high doses, ibogaine can cause hallucinations. It has also been linked to cardiac-related fatalities, so magnesium supplements are sometimes administered ​with ibogaine to mitigate heart risk.

A 2025 study published in Nature Mental Health by a team of Stanford University researchers found that ibogaine with magnesium improved brain function associated with “cognitive flexibility” and lowered PTSD symptoms among ‌those presenting ⁠with the condition.

“From a psychological and physiological level, there’s very promising signals that make us want to learn more,” said Kirsten Cherian, a clinical assistant professor and neuropsychologist at Stanford University who was one of the lead researchers in the 2025 study. “There are people out there with neurological diseases that there’s no treatment for, or there’s no cure for. It’s like a one-way street.”

EASING RESTRICTIONS

Advocates hope the order will remove significant barriers to medical research and compassionate use cases.

There are many possibilities for future treatments, Cherian said, but U.S. clinicians need the ability to study the substance domestically ​to collect better medical research, especially to ​evaluate ibogaine’s safety.

Trump in December signed an ⁠order loosening restrictions on marijuana and CBD products, lauding their potential practical medical applications.

Under the order — parts of which have not yet been fully implemented — the substances would still be controlled, but the federal government would recognize their “moderate-to-low potential for physical and psychological dependence,” according to the DEA. ​It would make them more accessible to both patients and researchers.

The administration created a pilot program that reimburses some seniors through Medicare for ​CBD treatments for various ailments.

The ⁠state of Texas passed legislation in 2025 to encourage the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to approve ibogaine use for PTSD treatment. The state pledged $50 million this year to fund its own clinical trials on the substance to satisfy FDA requirements.

“This is just a huge sigh of relief in that our voices have finally been heard, and the veteran community could really stand to experience some significant shifts,” ⁠said Amber ​Capone, the CEO and founder of Veterans Exploring Treatment Solutions, a group that advocates for ibogaine access.

Her husband, a Navy ​SEAL veteran, used ibogaine while experiencing PTSD, and the pair later launched an organization to support the treatment.

“There’s no doubt whatsoever in our minds that it works,” she said. “But we just can’t say, ‘Believe us.’ The research has to corroborate ​what we know to be true, and it feels like we could finally, finally be making some impact.”

(This story has been corrected to fix the name of the advocacy group to Veterans Exploring Treatment Solutions, in paragraph 20)

Reporting by Jacob Bogage; Additional reporting by Steve Holland; Editing by Colleen Jenkins and Bill Berkrot

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

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