作者：汤姆·波兰塞克（Tom Polansek）和P.J.赫夫斯塔特（P.J. Huffstutter）
2026年2月4日 00:05 UTC （更新于3小时前）
（图片说明：美国加利福尼亚州霍尔特维尔上空拍摄的无人机照片显示，一台拖拉机正在翻耕尘土飞扬的农田。拍摄于2020年5月29日。路透社/Bing Guan 购买授权，新标签页打开）
芝加哥，2月3日（路透社）- 美国参议院农业委员会主席周二警告称，农民正遭受重大损失，与此同时，超过24位前行业领袖发出警告，称在本月预计将有120亿美元政府纾困资金流向种植者之际，美国农业面临”广泛崩溃”的风险。
经济学家表示，三年来，种子、化肥和其他农业投入成本持续上涨，而谷物供应过剩限制了农民的利润。随后，唐纳德·特朗普总统去年重返白宫，引发贸易争端，扰乱了美国农作物出口，同时移民打击政策推高了劳动力成本，导致部分农场作物在田间腐烂。
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许多农民现在正准备连续第四年可能出现亏损。经济学家称，信贷环境趋紧迫使现金流有限的农场主在种植面积和化肥采购量上做出艰难抉择。
数据速览
- 前美国农业部（USDA）和行业官员在致美国国会议员的一封信中表示，特朗普政府政策损害了农民利益。
- 农业经济学家和银行家称，特朗普政府去年宣布的120亿美元援助计划，仅能覆盖农民损失的一小部分。
- 美国农业部在给路透社的声明中表示，特朗普正在利用一切可用工具支持农民，确保他们拥有继续农业生产所需的资源。
- 来自阿肯色州的共和党参议员、参议院农业委员会主席约翰·布兹曼周二在华盛顿州农业官员会议的网络直播中表示，种植作物的农民”正在亏损，而且亏损严重”。
- 根据美联储调查，2025年第四季度新发放的农场经营贷款同比激增近40%（新标签页打开）。
- 堪萨斯城联邦储备银行工作人员对数据的分析显示，此类经营贷款的平均规模在2025年比上年增长了30%。
- 普渡大学和芝加哥商品交易所（CME.O）周二发布的调查显示，预计未来一年财务状况不佳的农民比例从12月的47%跃升至1月的59%（新标签页打开）。
- 调查发现，认为美国农业在未来五年将出现广泛困境的生产商比例，从一个月前的24%攀升至46%。
汤姆·波兰塞克（Tom Polansek）和P.J.赫夫斯塔特（P.J. Huffstutter）报道；丽莎·舒梅克（Lisa Shumaker）编辑
我们的标准：汤森路透信托原则（新标签页打开）
Former US agriculture officials, top Republican senator warn of farm country trouble
By Tom Polansek and P.J. Huffstutter
February 4, 2026 12:05 AM UTC Updated 3 hours ago
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A tractor tills dusty farmland in this aerial photo taken over Holtville, California, U.S., May 29, 2020. Picture taken with a drone. REUTERS/Bing Guan Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
CHICAGO, Feb 3 (Reuters) – The chair of the U.S. Senate’s agriculture committee warned on Tuesday that farmers were suffering heavy losses, while more than two dozen former industry leaders sounded the alarm about the risk of a “widespread collapse of American agriculture” ahead of a $12 billion government bailout expected to reach growers this month.
For three years, the costs of seed, fertilizer and other farm inputs rose, while plentiful grain supplies limited profits for farmers, economists said. Then, President Donald Trump returned to office last year, sparking trade disputes that disrupted U.S. crop exports and immigration crackdowns that increased labor costs and left some farms with crops rotting in fields.
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Many farmers are now bracing to potentially lose money for a fourth consecutive year. Tough credit conditions are forcing those with limited cash flows to make decisions about what acres to plant and how much fertilizer to buy, economists said.
BY THE NUMBERS
- Former USDA and industry officials said in a letter to U.S. lawmakers that Trump administration policies harmed farmers.
- The Trump administration announced the $12 billion aid program last year, but it will only cover a fraction of farmers’ losses, agricultural economists and bankers said.
- The USDA said in a statement to Reuters that Trump was using every tool available to support farmers and ensure they have what they need to continue farming operations.
- U.S. Senator John Boozman, a Republican from Arkansas who chairs the Senate Agriculture Committee, said in a webcast of a conference of state agriculture officials in Washington on Tuesday that farmers growing crops are “losing money, lots of money.”
- Bankers reported a nearly 40% jump in new farm operating loans in the fourth quarter of 2025 compared to a year earlier, according to a Federal Reserve survey, opens new tab.
- The average size of such operating notes was 30% bigger during 2025 than a year earlier, according to an analysis of the data by Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City staff.
- The percentage of farmers expecting bad financial times in the next year jumped to 59% in January from 47% in December, according to a survey, opens new tab released Tuesday by Purdue University and CME Group (CME.O), opens new tab.
- The percentage of producers who thought U.S. agriculture would have widespread bad times during the next five years climbed to 46% from 24% a month earlier, the survey found.
Reporting by Tom Polansek and PJ Huffstutter; Editing by Lisa Shumaker
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