2026-04-01 19:28:05 UTC / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
作者：劳伦·查德威克与凯瑟琳·尼科尔斯
32分钟前发布
发布于2026年4月1日，美国东部时间下午3:28
伊万·武奇/路透社
多年来，唐纳德·特朗普总统一直对北约持强烈批评态度，包括自伊朗战争爆发以来发表的一系列相关言论。在最近的两次采访中，他表示将考虑采取彻底让美国退出该联盟这一重大举措。
特朗普在周三发表的对英国出版物《每日电讯报》的采访中表示，他将重新考虑美国的北约成员国身份。随后他进一步表态，在接受路透社采访时称自己“绝对”正在考虑退出该联盟。
此番表态正值这位总统猛烈批评欧洲国家不愿在伊朗战争中提供更多帮助、不愿确保霍尔木兹海峡安全之际。
然而，尽管特朗普声称他可以让美国退出该联盟，但国会2023年通过的一项法律规定，这一举措需要参议院的建议和同意，获得三分之二参议员的支持，或者通过一项国会法案。
该法案由时任参议员马尔科·卢比奥（现为美国国务卿）与弗吉尼亚州民主党参议员蒂姆·凯恩共同发起，后来作为2024年《国防授权法案》的一部分获得通过。
国会批准的要求意味着，即使所有共和党议员都投票支持特朗普退出北约，仍需要数名民主党议员——如果所有共和党议员都到场的话，至少需要14名——与他们共同投票才能通过相关立法。
这种情况不太可能发生，两党参议院北约观察小组的首席共和党议员汤姆·蒂利斯曾警告称，不要破坏这一军事联盟。
蒂利斯在3月接受美国广播公司《本周》节目采访时表示，特朗普可以不经国会批准就退出北约的说法“在事实层面并不属实”。
“美国总统无法退出北约。话虽如此，总统仍可以破坏北约的运作。如果他愿意，他可以让北约在实际上陷入瘫痪，”他说道。
在特朗普称北约盟友“懦弱”、不肯协助美国之后，蒂利斯还为这些盟友进行了辩护。他表示，总统应该咨询其高级将领，切断与北约的关系是否是个好主意。
“你很难找到一位支持这么做的将领，因为这其中存在巨大、巨大的风险。北约联盟拯救过美国人的生命，而没有北约的话，美国将有大量民众丧生，”他说道。
与此同时，参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默周三在社交媒体平台X上针对特朗普的最新言论发表帖子称，参议院“不会仅仅因为特朗普对盟友不愿配合他鲁莽的主动开战行为感到不满，就投票退出北约、抛弃我们的盟友”。
“感谢@卢比奥国务卿在2023年发起这项法案，要求参议院三分之二的投票，以确保无知的总统不会心血来潮采取行动，”舒默补充道。他提到了卢比奥2023年庆祝该法案通过的社交媒体帖子，其中宣称“任何美国总统都不应在未经参议院批准的情况下退出北约”。
即便有2023年的法律，特朗普仍能退出北约吗？
根据国会研究服务局的一份报告，如果总统确实试图单方面让美国退出北约，此事最终可能会诉诸法庭。
美国司法部法律顾问办公室2020年的一份法律意见称，总统对条约拥有专属管辖权。
“实际上，近50年来，总统们经常单方面采取行动让美国退出条约，”芝加哥大学法学院艾伦·M·辛格杰出服务教授柯蒂斯·A·布拉德利在一封发给CNN的电子邮件中说道。
但他指出，前总统乔·拜登已将2023年的这项法案签署为法律，规定未经国会批准，总统不得退出北约。
“如果特朗普试图未经国会批准就退出北约，他将违反该法案，”布拉德利补充道。
“他的律师可能会辩称该法案违宪，他们会声称这干涉了总统在外交关系方面的专属宪法权力。我认为这是一个站不住脚的论点。”
“根据宪法，总统在缔结条约时需要国会参与，这表明这并非总统专属权力的领域，”他说道。
CNN的艾琳·格雷夫、卡安妮塔·艾耶与阿丽娜·法亚兹对本文亦有贡献。
Can Donald Trump singlehandedly withdraw the US from NATO?
2026-04-01 19:28:05 UTC / CNN
By Lauren Chadwick and Catherine Nicholls
32 min ago
PUBLISHED Apr 1, 2026, 3:28 PM ET
U.S. President Donald Trump speaks in the Oval Office of the White House on March 31, 2026. REUTERS/Evan Vucci
Evan Vucci/Reuters
For years President Donald Trump has been deeply critical of NATO, including a slew of statements since the beginning of the Iran war. In two recent interviews he has said he would consider taking the significant step of withdrawing the US from the alliance altogether.
Trump told the UK publication The Telegraph in an interview published Wednesday that he would reconsider the US’ NATO membership. He later doubled down, telling Reuters he was “absolutely” considering withdrawing from the alliance.
It comes as the president has heavily criticized European countries for not being more willing to help with the war in Iran and to secure the Strait of Hormuz.
Yet despite Trump’s claims that he can withdraw the United States from the alliance, a law passed by Congress in 2023 says the move would require the advice and consent of the Senate, with two-thirds of senators in agreement, or an act of Congress.
The bill was co-sponsored by then-Sen. Marco Rubio, who is now the US secretary of state, and Democratic Sen. Tim Kaine of Virginia. It was later passed as part of the 2024 National Defense Authorization Act.
The requirement for congressional approval means that even if all Republicans voted with Trump to withdraw the United States from NATO, it would require several Democrats – at least 14 if all Republicans are present – to join with them to pass the legislation.
That’s unlikely to happen as Sen. Thom Tillis, the top Republican on the bipartisan Senate NATO Observer Group, has warned against damaging the military alliance.
Tillis said in a March interview with ABC’s “This Week” that it is “factually not true” that Trump can pull out of NATO without Congress.
“The president of the United States cannot withdraw from NATO. Now, having said that, the president can poison the well. The president can make it functionally defunct if he wants to,” he said.
Tillis also defended NATO allies after Trump called them “cowards” for not assisting the United States. He said the president should ask his top generals if it would be a good idea to sever the relationship with NATO.
“You’d be hard pressed to find one, because that has enormous, enormous risk in it. American lives have been saved by the NATO alliance, and American lives will be lost in great numbers without it,” he said.
Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, meanwhile, said in a social media post on X Wednesday responding to Trump’s latest comments that the Senate “will not vote to leave NATO and abandon our allies just because Trump is upset they wouldn’t go along with his reckless war of choice.”
“Thank you to @SecRubio for sponsoring the bill in 2023 requiring a two thirds vote of the Senate to make sure clueless presidents couldn’t act on a whim,” Schumer added. He referred to Rubio’s social media post in 2023 celebrating the bill’s passage and declaring, “No U.S. President should be able to withdraw from NATO without Senate approval.”
Can Trump withdraw from NATO despite the 2023 law?
According to a Congressional Research Service report, if the president does attempt to withdraw the US unilaterally from NATO, the matter could end up in court.
A 2020 legal opinion from the Department of Justice’s Office of Legal Counsel states that the president has exclusive authority over treaties.
“In practice, presidents have often acted unilaterally in withdrawing the United States from treaties, especially during the last fifty years or so,” Curtis A. Bradley, the Allen M. Singer Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago Law School, told CNN in an email.
But he pointed out that former President Joe Biden signed into law the 2023 statute stating that the president cannot withdraw from NATO without congressional approval.
“If Trump attempted to withdraw from NATO without obtaining Congress’s approval, he would be violating the statute,” Bradley added.
“His lawyers would likely argue that the statute is unconstitutional because, they would contend, it interferes with the President’s exclusive constitutional authority over foreign relations. I think that is a weak argument.”
“Congressional involvement is required under the Constitution in order for presidents to make treaties, which suggests that this is not an area of exclusive presidential power,” he said.
CNN’s Aileen Graef, Kaanita Iyer and Aleena Fayaz contributed to this report.
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