2026-04-10T21:14:46.079Z / 路透社
作者：帕特里夏·曾格勒
2026年4月10日 晚上9:14 UTC 更新于2小时前
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2026年3月2日，美国华盛顿特区，美国国会大厦夜景。路透社/凯莉·库珀 购买授权，打开新标签页
华盛顿，4月10日（路透社）——总统唐纳德·特朗普发表带有大量亵渎性语言的威胁，扬言要彻底摧毁伊朗文明，这促使一些民主党人讨论试图通过援引美国宪法第二十五修正案将他赶下台。
这类行动将是一场艰苦的斗争，因为此举需要得到特朗普所在的共和党人的支持，而共和党掌控着国会参众两院。尽管特朗普的整体公众支持率下滑，但仍有约82%的共和党人对他的总统任期表示满意。
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试图罢免特朗普也可能给民主党带来政治风险——他们曾在特朗普第一任期内两次试图通过弹劾将其赶下台，但均以失败告终。
以下为您介绍这项修正案以及相关争议：
什么是第二十五修正案？
第二十五修正案于1967年获得批准。该修正案是在1963年总统约翰·F·肯尼迪遇刺后提出的，旨在明确总统继任程序，确保美国始终拥有一位履职的总统和副总统。
美国宪法最初的总统继任条款并未涉及副总统职位空缺的情况。根据国会研究服务局（打开新标签页）的数据，从1789年乔治·华盛顿的第一任期到1967年，副总统职位因死亡、辞职或继任总统职位累计空缺超过37年。
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第二十五修正案曾被援引过吗？
总统们曾在已知自己将因医疗程序无法履行职责时援引该修正案的第三条，内容涉及总统无法履职的情形，例如2021年时任总统乔·拜登接受结肠镜检查时就曾这么做。
但涉及非自愿罢免总统的第四条从未被援引过。第四条允许副总统和总统内阁的多数成员，或者副总统和国会指定的另一不明团体的多数成员，宣布总统无法履行其职权。
不过，如果总统对该决定提出异议，国会必须在48小时内召开会议进行表决，参众两院均需三分之二多数票同意认定总统无行为能力。若未达到这一条件，总统将恢复履职。
此前曾有过相关尝试吗？
2021年1月6日特朗普支持者冲击美国国会大厦后，包括参议院民主党领袖、纽约州的查克·舒默和时任众议院议长、加利福尼亚州的南希·佩洛西在内的一些民主党人曾呼吁时任副总统迈克·彭斯援引第二十五修正案。
但这些呼吁最终不了了之。特朗普还曾在民主党掌控的众议院两次遭到弹劾，一次是因为他不当扣留对乌克兰的援助，另一次是因为国会大厦骚乱事件，但两次都未能获得足够的共和党参议员支持以达到定罪所需的三分之二多数票。
特朗普在2024年11月成功连任，赢得312张选举人票，拜登的副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯获得226张。
布鲁金斯学会高级研究员斯科特·安德森表示，如果没有共和党的大规模倒戈，援引第二十五修正案的尝试将以失败告终，因为该修正案需要参众两院的三分之二多数票批准。
“这在政治上根本行不通，”他说道。
特朗普所在的共和党在参众两院均仅占微弱多数。
存在哪些政治风险？
众议院民主党人计划在周五举行仅限议员参加的简报会，主题为“特朗普政府问责”以及第二十五修正案。
但由于民主党正在为11月中期选举中参众两院的控制权而战，民主党议员一直试图将注意力放在政策议题上——比如促进就业增长、应对通胀和扩大儿童保育服务覆盖范围——而非仅仅将自己定位为特朗普的反对者。
“我们目前处于少数党地位。所以即便特朗普犯下了一系列重罪和轻罪，现在就启动弹劾程序，我认为这并不是我们时间的最佳利用方式，”宾夕法尼亚州民主党众议员玛德琳·迪恩在周四的新闻发布会上说道。
共和党众议院议长、特朗普的亲密盟友迈克·约翰逊周五在一份声明中就此事批评民主党人。“国会民主党人没有纲领、没有愿景、没有领导力，他们除了对唐纳德·特朗普总统毫无理性的仇恨之外，没有向美国人民提供任何东西，”约翰逊说道。
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Explainer: Why are people talking about the 25th Amendment to the US Constitution?
2026-04-10T21:14:46.079Z / Reuters
By Patricia Zengerle
April 10, 2026 9:14 PM UTC Updated 2 hours ago
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WASHINGTON, April 10 (Reuters) – President Donald Trump’s profanity-laced threats to wipe out Iran’s civilization have led some Democrats to discuss attempting to remove him from office by using the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Such an effort would be an uphill struggle, since doing so would require the support of Trump’s fellow Republicans, who control both chambers of Congress. Despite his falling overall public approval, some 82% of Republicans are happy with his presidency.
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Trying to remove him from office could also hold political peril for Democrats – who twice tried and failed to remove Trump from office by impeaching him during his first term.
Here is a look at the amendment and the issues:
WHAT IS THE 25TH AMENDMENT?
The 25th Amendment was ratified in 1967. It was introduced after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963 and is intended to clarify the process of presidential succession, ensuring that the United States always has a functioning president and vice president.
The Constitution’s original presidential succession clause did not address vice presidential vacancies. Between President George Washington’s first term in 1789 and 1967, the vice presidency was vacant for more than 37 years cumulatively because of death, resignation, or succession to the presidency, according to the Congressional Research Service, opens new tab.
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HAS THE 25TH AMENDMENT EVER BEEN INVOKED?
Presidents have invoked Section 3 of the amendment – dealing with circumstances in which the president is unable to discharge their responsibilities – when they knew they would be incapacitated due to medical procedures, such as in 2021, when then-President Joe Biden underwent a colonoscopy.
But Section 4, covering the involuntary removal of a president, has never been invoked. Section 4 allows the vice president and a majority of the president’s cabinet, or, alternatively, the vice president and a majority of another unspecified body designated by Congress, to declare a president unable to discharge the powers and duties of their office.
However, if the president contests that decision, Congress must assemble to decide the issue within 48 hours and two-thirds majorities of both the Senate and House of Representatives must agree that the president is incapable. If not, the president resumes their duties.
HAS THIS BEEN TRIED BEFORE?
Some Democrats, including Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer of New York and then-House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of California, called for then-Vice President Mike Pence to invoke the 25th Amendment after Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021.
But the calls came to nothing. Trump also was impeached twice by the Democratic-majority House, over charges he improperly withheld aid to Ukraine and over the Capitol riot, but there were too few Republican senators willing to back the charges to muster the two-thirds majority necessary to convict him either time.
Trump was elected to a second term in November 2024, winning 312 Electoral College votes to 226 for Biden’s vice president, Kamala Harris.
Scott Anderson, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, said an attempt to use the 25th Amendment would fail without a massive Republican defection, as it would need the approval of two-thirds majorities in both the House and Senate.
“It’s a political no-go,” he said.
Trump’s Republicans hold slim majorities in both the Senate and House.
WHAT IS THE POLITICAL RISK?
House Democrats planned a members-only briefing on Friday on “Trump administration accountability” and the 25th Amendment.
But as they fight for control of the House and Senate in November’s midterms, Democratic lawmakers have been trying to focus on policy – such as promoting job growth, fighting inflation and broadening the availability of childcare – rather than presenting themselves mostly as the resistance to Trump.
“We are in the minority. So bringing forward impeachment right now, while he is guilty of a litany of high crimes and misdemeanors, I don’t think is the best use of our time,” Democratic Representative Madeleine Dean of Pennsylvania told a news conference on Thursday.
Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson, a close Trump ally, criticized Democrats over the issue in a statement on Friday. “Congressional Democrats have no message, no vision, and no leadership, and they are offering nothing to the American people except an irrational hatred of President Donald Trump,” Johnson said.
Reporting by Patricia Zengerle; editing by Michael Learmonth and Rosalba O’Brien
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