2026-04-10T10:08:17.316Z / 路透社
作者：迪特里希·克瑙特
2026年4月10日 美国东部时间上午10:08 更新于18分钟前
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纽约4月10日（路透社）——美国一家贸易法院将于周五就特朗普政府实施的10%全球进口税的合法性进行审理。多个州和小企业表示，这项关税规避了美国最高法院此前推翻特朗普大部分此前关税的裁决。
由24个以民主党为主的州和两家小企业组成的团体起诉特朗普政府，要求叫停这项于2月24日生效的新关税。美国贸易法院的一个三名法官组成的合议庭将于美国东部时间上午10点（格林威治标准时间14:00）就该案听取辩论。
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特朗普在其第二任期内将关税作为外交政策的核心支柱，声称拥有无需国会批准即可征收关税的广泛权力。特朗普政府表示，全球关税是对持续贸易逆差的合法且适当的回应，而美国贸易逆差产生的原因是美国进口商品多于出口商品。
特朗普依据1974年《贸易法》第122条实施了这项新关税，该条款授权在“美国出现大规模且严重的国际收支逆差”或为防止美元即将贬值时，对进口商品征收最高15%的关税，期限最长为150天。
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据在纽约的美国国际贸易法院提起的两起诉讼显示，各州和小企业辩称，《贸易法》中的关税权限仅旨在应对短期货币紧急情况，而常规贸易逆差并不符合“国际收支逆差”的经济学定义。
特朗普于2月20日宣布这项新关税，同一天，最高法院以压倒性票数驳回了特朗普依据《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA）实施的大范围关税，裁定该法律并未赋予特朗普其所主张的权力，这对特朗普来说是一次沉重打击。
此前没有任何美国总统依据《国际紧急经济权力法》或1974年《贸易法》第122条征收关税。这两起诉讼并未挑战特朗普依据更传统法律权限实施的其他关税，例如近期对钢铁、铝和铜进口征收的关税。
路透社记者迪特里希·克瑙特报道；诺琳·瓦尔德与丽莎·舒梅克编辑
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US trade court weighs legality of Trump 10% global tariff
2026-04-10T10:08:17.316Z / Reuters
By Dietrich Knauth
April 10, 2026 10:08 AM UTC Updated 18 mins ago
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Shipping containers are stacked at a terminal at the port of Los Angeles in Long Beach, California, U.S., March 10, 2026. REUTERS/Caroline Brehman/File Photo Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
NEW YORK, April 10 (Reuters) – A U.S. trade court on Friday will consider the legality of a 10% global import tax imposed by the Trump administration, which several states and small businesses say sidesteps a U.S. Supreme Court ruling that invalidated most of Trump’s previous tariffs.
A group of 24 mostly Democratic-led states and two small businesses sued the Trump administration to stop the new tariffs, which went into effect on February 24. A three-judge panel of the U.S. trade court is set to hear arguments in the cases at 10 a.m. ET (1400 GMT).
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Trump has made tariffs a central pillar of his foreign policy in his second term, claiming sweeping authority to issue tariffs without input from Congress. The Trump administration has said that global tariffs are a legal and appropriate response to a persistent trade deficit caused by the fact that the U.S. imports more goods than it exports.
Trump imposed the new tariffs under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, which authorizes duties of up to 15% for up to 150 days on imports during “large and serious United States balance-of-payments deficits” or to prevent an imminent depreciation of the U.S. dollar.
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The states and small businesses argue that the Trade Act’s tariff authority is meant only to address short-term monetary emergencies, and they say that routine trade deficits do not match the economic definition of “balance-of-payments deficits,” according to the two lawsuits filed in the New York-based U.S. Court of International Trade.
Trump announced the new tariffs on February 20, the same day the Supreme Court handed Trump a stinging defeat when it struck down a broad swath of tariffs he had imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), ruling that the law did not give him the power he claimed.
No U.S. president before Trump had used either IEEPA or Section 122 of the 1974 Trade Act to impose tariffs. The two lawsuits do not challenge other Trump tariffs made under more traditional legal authority, such as recent tariffs on steel, aluminum and copper imports.
Reporting by Dietrich Knauth; Editing by Noeleen Walder and Lisa Shumaker
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