2026年4月6日 / 美国东部时间中午12:05 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
自2022年俄罗斯发动入侵以来，前中央情报局局长戴维·彼得雷乌斯已前往乌克兰10次。在上周的最近一次行程中，他对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示，俄罗斯“已不再占据上风”。
“过去两个月，乌克兰军队取得的渐进式进展实际上超过了俄军，”这位退役美军四星上将在访问前线附近部队后，于基辅接受采访时表示。
彼得雷乌斯指出，考虑到俄罗斯在人力、火力和经济规模上的优势，这一评估看似不太可能。但他认为，乌克兰通过在无人系统方面的创新，抵消了这些劣势。
他表示，乌克兰的优势不仅在于无人机本身，更在于围绕无人机构建的整套体系。
“真正的高明之处在于他们如何将所有要素整合在一起，”彼得雷乌斯说道，他提到了一套整合了侦察、目标定位和打击能力的“综合指挥与控制生态系统”。一位熟悉该技术的工程师对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻表示，该系统的核心是乌克兰的“德尔塔”战场管理平台，它类似于“军用谷歌地图”，可显示阵地、目标及其他相关信息的数字地图。
这种整合使乌克兰军队在前线约20英里范围内拥有近乎绝对的侦察和打击能力。彼得雷乌斯描述了他亲眼目睹的一场前线交火：俄军士兵先是被多架轮换的侦察无人机持续追踪，随后攻击无人机随即出动。
“一旦在这片战场上被发现，且无法迅速进入深埋掩体，结局就不会太好，”他说。
乌克兰还在以远超西方军队的速度批量生产低成本第一视角无人机。彼得雷乌斯上周访问的一家乌克兰制造商告诉他，该公司“仅今年一年就能生产300万架无人机”，而美国去年的无人机产量约为30万架。
彼得雷乌斯表示，人工智能将加速这些创新。当前，无人机作战受到电子战的限制。在前线周边约20英里的区域内，充斥着遥控第一视角无人机，交战双方会干扰无人机与操作员之间的通信连接，降低其作战效能。一种解决方案是光纤无人机，通过尾部放出的长电缆与操作员连接。但光纤无人机的飞行距离和可用电缆长度均存在局限。
使用算法而非全球定位系统（GPS）连接来操控无人机，将缓解这些限制。“即将出现的将是无法被干扰的算法操控无人机，”彼得雷乌斯说。他补充道，通过减少对GPS的依赖，这类系统甚至可在电子战环境激烈的区域运行。该技术还将允许人类操作员同时控制多架无人机。
彼得雷乌斯表示，完全自主的作战系统也可能很快问世——人类仅需明确任务，由机器执行。
“我认为这将在几年内成为现实，而且我们很可能会率先在乌克兰看到应用，”他说道，并指出物体识别和面部识别等技术的进步已经为更高程度的自主化提供了支撑。
在彼得雷乌斯看来，美国需要汲取的教训远不止采购更多无人机或将其更好地融入军事编制。
“目前一些西方国家认为，创新就是给装甲营配备50架无人机，”他说。“错了。我们应该做的是淘汰装甲营，代之以无人机营。”
他认为，这一转变不仅需要采购改革，还需要推行他所谓的“全新战争概念”，包括修改作战教条、训练方式和部队编制。他指出，乌克兰已经为此树立了标准：成立了无人系统部队，而非简单地将无人机编入现有各部队。
未能适应这一趋势的风险，尤其是在反无人机能力方面，远超战场范畴。彼得雷乌斯警告称，无人机技术的进步可能加剧恐怖主义风险，因为“无人机蜂群”技术允许操作员同时控制更多无人机，且商用无人机的应用范围不断扩大。
“真正的无人机蜂群将在自主系统的支撑下成为现实，”他说，并补充道这类能力“非常、非常令人担忧”。与此同时，亚马逊和沃尔玛等企业“开始使用无人机配送”，民用空域内的航空系统数量不断增加。
这些趋势叠加在一起，将使发现和防御协同无人机攻击变得更加困难。
“我们目前还没有能够有效‘抵御无人机蜂群’的系统，”彼得雷乌斯说。“我们需要以比现在快得多的速度，加快相关技术研发。”
彼得雷乌斯称赞乌克兰的“非凡创新”
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/former-cia-director-david-petraeus-lauds-ukraine-extraordinary-innovation-war-russia/
Ex-CIA director David Petraeus says U.S. needs to learn “whole new concept of warfare” from Ukraine
April 6, 2026 / 12:05 PM EDT / CBS News
Former CIA director David Petraeus has traveled to Ukraine 10 times since Russia’s invasion in 2022. During his most recent trip last week, he told CBS News that Russia “no longer has the upper hand.”
“Over the last two months, the Ukrainians have actually made greater incremental gains than have the Russians,” Petraeus, a retired U.S. Army general, said in an interview in Kyiv after visiting units near the frontlines.
Petraeus said that assessment might have seemed unlikely given Russia’s advantages in manpower, firepower, and economic scale. But he argues that Ukraine has offset those disadvantages through its innovation in its unmanned systems.
Ukraine’s edge, he said, is not just the drones themselves, but the system built around them.
“What’s the real genius is how they’re pulling it all together,” Petraeus said, pointing to an “overall command and control ecosystem” that integrates surveillance, targeting, and strike capabilities. At the center is Ukraine’s Delta battle management platform, which serves as a sort of “military Google maps”, displaying a digital map of positions, targets, and other relevant information, an engineer familiar with the technology told CBS News.
That integration allows Ukrainian forces to possess nearly absolute surveillance and strike capabilities, within roughly 20 miles of the frontline. Petraeus described watching a frontline engagement in which a Russian soldier was tracked continuously by rotating surveillance drones before attack drones were deployed.
“Once you’re observed on this battlefield and you can’t get into a deeply buried position really quickly, it’s not going to end well,” he said.
Ukraine is also scaling production of low-cost first-person-view drones at a pace far beyond Western militaries. One Ukrainian manufacturer that Petraeus visited last week told him that it “is going to make 3 million drones this year alone,” compared to roughly 300,000 produced by the United States last year.
Artificial intelligence, Petraeus said, will accelerate these innovations. Currently, drone warfare is limited by electronic warfare. In the roughly 20 miles around the frontlines saturated with remotely piloted first-person-view drones, combatants jam connections between drones and operators, decreasing their effectiveness. One solution has been fiber-optic drones, which connect to their operators through long cables spooling out of their tails. But fiber-optic drones have limitations on how far they can fly and how much cable is available.
Using algorithms, rather than GPS connections, to fly drones will ease these constraints. “What’s coming is going to be algorithmically piloted drones that you can’t jam,” Petraeus said. These systems will be able to operate even in heavily contested electronic warfare environments by reducing reliance on GPS, he added. The technology will also allow human operators to control more than one drone at a time.
Petraeus said fully autonomous systems, where humans still define the missions but machines execute them, may also emerge soon.
“I think that will be possible within a couple of years, and we may well see it first here,” he said, noting that advances in technologies like object identification and facial recognition are already enabling greater autonomy.
For Petraeus, the lessons for the U.S. extend far beyond buying more drones or better incorporating them into military structures.
“In some Western countries right now, they think that innovativeness is giving 50 drones to an armored battalion,” he said. “No. What we should do is scrap the armored battalions and replace them with a drone battalion.”
That shift, he argued, requires more than procurement reform. It demands what he called a “whole new concept of warfare,” including changes to doctrine, training, and force structure. Ukraine, he noted, has created the standard for this by creating an Unmanned Systems Force, rather than simply implementing drones into different forces.
The risks of failing to adapt, particularly in counterdrone capabilities, go beyond the battlefield. Petraeus warned that advances in drone technology could pose a heightened risk of terrorism, as “drone swarm” technology allows operators to control more drones at one time and commercial drone use expands.
“A real swarm will be enabled when you have autonomous systems,” he said, adding that such capabilities are “very, very worrisome.” At the same time, companies like Amazon and Walmart are “beginning delivery by drone,” increasing the number of aerial systems in civilian airspace.
Together, those trends could make it harder to detect and defend against coordinated drone attacks.
“We don’t have systems yet,” that could effectively “defend against drone swarms,” Petraeus said. “We need to learn a lot more, much more rapidly than we are.”
Petraeus lauds Ukraine’s “extraordinary innovation”
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/former-cia-director-david-petraeus-lauds-ukraine-extraordinary-innovation-war-russia/
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