2026-04-03 / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
作者：珍妮弗·汉斯勒
发布时间：2026年4月3日，美国东部时间上午7:00
斯蒂芬妮·勒科克/路透社
美国国务院周三宣布对美国外交人员考试进行一系列改革，重点是移除所谓的“多样性、公平性与包容性”相关内容，与此同时特朗普政府正试图重塑外交队伍。
在公布这项改革的声明中，国务院同时推出了外交官入职培训的全新课程，并呼吁“爱国的美国人”前来报考。
国务院在声明中表示：“申请人将接受美国历史、外交政策理念以及逻辑推理方面的测试，此前旨在考察申请人是否契合某种意识形态议程的考题已被取消。” 一份单独的情况说明文件显示，美方已删除笔试中与“多样性、公平性与包容性议程”相关的题目。
此番改革引发担忧，有人担心驻外代表美国的外交人员会被政治化。此次改革是继去年美国国务院推出一系列调整、让该机构更贴合本届政府的优先事项与世界观之后的又一举措。
此次招聘改革出台之前，国务院去年解雇了近250名外交官员，并迫使包括大使在内的数十名资深外交官离职。
“这一切都不是凭空发生的，”美国外交协会（AFSA）主席约翰·丁克尔曼表示。“这是一年多大规模动荡的余波，期间有数千人被赶出外交部门和外交领域。”
“眼下你正急于重建外交队伍，坦率地说，这支队伍将由大量新入职的初级官员组成，他们很容易被塑造成符合你期望的行事方式，代价却是失去了一批经验丰富的资深外交官——他们拥有丰富的地域、区域和专业领域经验，如今却被边缘化，甚至彻底离开岗位。”他说道。
国务院的情况说明文件显示，外交人员入职培训项目A100也已“转型”。
文件指出：“外交官员现在将学习政策与外交实务方面的实质性内容，包括外交史讲座以及‘美国优先’外交政策相关课程。” 这里提及的是唐纳德·特朗普总统的“美国优先”外交政策框架。
当CNN询问时，国务院并未向其提供被认定存在问题的外交考试考题示例。不过，保守派媒体《每日来电者》的一篇文章指出，此前的考题可能涉及申请人有多少密友的第一语言不是英语，以及申请人多久会与不同种族和文化背景的群体社交，或是“主动参与具有多元种族和文化特色的活动”。
丁克尔曼表示，这类问题曾出现在过往的考试中。
美国外交队伍历来有“白人、男性、耶鲁毕业生”的刻板印象，指的是该群体大多为白人、男性且拥有常春藤联盟院校教育背景。拜登政府时期，美国这个最古老的内阁部门曾推动多元化改革。特朗普在其第二任期首日就下令终止联邦政府内的多样性、公平性与包容性项目，本届政府也一直在大力打击所谓的相关倡议。
美国外交协会在一份声明中表示，该组织不认同“此前的考试包含旨在考察申请人是否契合某种意识形态议程的考题”这一说法。
“我们认为更大的风险在于，政治意识形态如今可能被引入选拔流程，”这个作为外交官员工会的组织说道。
“特朗普政府正在对外交队伍进行现代化改造，让美国外交官做好准备，在瞬息万变的世界舞台上维护我们的国家利益，”国务院副发言人汤米·皮戈特说道。
丁克尔曼曾担任A100项目讲师五年多，他告诉CNN：“将如此公然带有本届政府特定议程的内容纳入入职培训，是不合常理的。”
周三公布的情况说明文件提到，“入职培训项目现在增设了美国历史和国际关系方面的必读书目与推荐读物，包括乔治·华盛顿、约翰·昆西·亚当斯和詹姆斯·门罗的演讲与著作，《联邦党人文集》节选，以及乔治·凯南、安杰洛·科德维拉和塞缪尔·亨廷顿的作品。”
“关于官僚主义繁文缛节的讲座内容已被压缩至最低限度，”文件称。不过丁克尔曼指出，对于从未在国务院或甚至从未在美国联邦政府工作过的人员来说，这类官僚主义相关课程是必要的，能让他们做好充分准备。
State Dept. announces ‘reforms’ to foreign service test and inclusion of ‘America First’ curriculum for orientation
2026-04-03 / CNN
By Jennifer Hansler
PUBLISHED Apr 3, 2026, 7:00 AM ET
Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the G7 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in Cernay-la-Ville, France, on March 27, 2026.
Stephanie Lecocq/Reuters
The US State Department on Wednesday announced a series of changes to the US foreign service test with a specific focus on eliminating alleged “diversity, equity, and inclusion” as the Trump administration attempts to reshape the diplomatic corps.
In its statement announcing the changes, which also includes new curriculum for diplomats’ orientation process, the State Department called on “patriotic Americans” to apply.
“Applicants will be tested on American history, foreign policy concepts, and logical reasoning, while questions intended to test alignment with ideological agendas have been eliminated,” a statement from the State Department. A separate fact sheet said it had removed questions on the written test related to “the diversity, equity, and inclusion agenda.”
The announcement has sparked concern about the possible politicization of personnel who serve as the face of the United States overseas. It follows broader changes at the US State Department unveiled last year that moved to align the agency with the administration’s priorities and worldview.
The recruitment effort comes after the department fired nearly 250 foreign service officers last year and drove out scores of other experienced diplomats, including ambassadors.
“None of this happens in a vacuum,” said John Dinkelman, the president of the American Foreign Service Association (AFSA). “This is on the tail end of a year of considerable disruption, where you’ve literally flushed out thousands of individuals from the Foreign Service and from foreign affairs.”
“You’re scrambling to try to rebuild a diplomatic corps, which, frankly, is going to be a bunch of new entry-level officers who are easily malleable into the ways that you want them to go, at the expense of having had some strong veterans out there with tremendous geographic, regional and functional experience who are now on the sidelines or even out of the picture,” he said.
The fact sheet from the State Department said the foreign service onboarding program, A100, has also been “transformed.”
“Foreign Service Officers will now receive substantive content on policy and tradecraft, which includes lectures on diplomatic history and America First foreign policy,” it noted, referencing President Donald Trump’s “America First” foreign policy framework.
The State Department did not provide CNN with examples of questions it viewed as problematic on the foreign service exam when asked. However, an article from the conservative outlet the Daily Caller pointed to questions about the number of an applicant’s immediate friends that “have a first language other than English” and how often applicants “socialized with members of different ethnic and cultural groups” or “seek out activities with diverse ethnic and cultural groups.”
Such questions could be expected on the past exams, Dinkelman said.
The US diplomatic corps has historically had the reputation of being “pale, male, and Yale,” referencing a largely White, male, and Ivy League educated group. Under the Biden administration, there were efforts to promote diversity at the US’ oldest cabinet agency. Trump, on the first day of his second term, ordered an end to DEI programs in the federal government, and the Trump administration has aggressively targeted alleged DEI initiatives.
In a statement, AFSA noted that it took issue with the claim that the previous exam included “questions intended to test alignment with ideological agendas.”
“We see a far greater risk that political ideology could now be introduced into the selection process,” said the organization, which served as the union for foreign service officers.
“The Trump administration is modernizing the Foreign Service to prepare America’s diplomats to advocate for our national interest on a dynamically changing world stage,” State Department deputy spokesperson Tommy Pigott said.
Dinkelman, who was an A100 instructor for more than five years, told CNN that “it is not normal to inject what are so blatantly administration-specific agenda items into orientation.”
The fact sheet released Wednesday noted that “the onboarding program now features required and recommended readings on American history and international relations, including speeches and writings from George Washington, John Quincy Adams, and James Monroe, selections from the Federalist Papers, and works from George Kennan, Angelo Codevilla, and Samuel Huntington.”
“Lecture content concerning bureaucratic tedium has been reduced to a minimum,” it said. However, Dinkelman noted that such lessons in bureaucracy are needed to adequately prepare personnel who have never worked for the State Department, or perhaps even the US government, in the past.
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