2026年4月2日 美国东部时间上午9:45 / 福克斯新闻
关税收入已成为特朗普经济议程的核心支柱之一
作者：阿曼达·马西亚斯，福克斯新闻
一年后的今天，唐纳德·特朗普总统宣布了新一轮全面的全球关税措施，加剧了美国与主要盟友和对手的贸易紧张局势，再次引发外界对美国及全球经济前景的担忧。
这批被称为“解放日”的关税措施是一系列广泛的进口税，特朗普称此举将纠正长期存在的贸易失衡，并减少美国对外国商品的依赖。
在随后的几个月里，随着企业和投资者适应不断变化的贸易环境，市场经历了多轮波动。与此同时，政策制定者和经济学家就关税对经济增长、通胀和全球贸易流动的长期影响展开了辩论。
许多经济学家警告了潜在的后果，包括物价上涨、经济增长放缓以及企业和投资者面临的不确定性上升。
特朗普称若无关税收入美国将“被摧毁”
唐纳德·特朗普总统于2025年4月2日在白宫宣布了“解放日”关税措施。（布兰登·斯米亚洛夫斯基/法新社/盖蒂图片社）
但并非所有人都持相同观点。
“特朗普打脸了12位诺贝尔经济学奖得主，”经济学家斯蒂芬·穆尔对福克斯新闻数字频道表示。
“通胀并未上升。为什么？因为减税、放松管制以及‘钻探，宝贝，钻探’政策降低了物价，抵消了关税的影响，”穆尔补充道。他曾是特朗普的顾问，也是自由市场倡导组织“释放繁荣”的联合创始人。
但穆尔的观点并未得到广泛认同。以下回顾一下其他经济学家当时的表态。
拉里·萨默斯
劳伦斯·萨默斯，哈佛大学前校长、名誉教授，称关税政策“受虐狂式的愚蠢”。（丁申/彭博社 via 盖蒂图片社）
前财政部长拉里·萨默斯将“解放日”关税称为“美国数十年来实施的最糟糕征税措施”。
“有史以来从未有过总统的一番言论让如此多人付出如此惨重的代价，”萨默斯在X平台上写道。“目前对关税政策造成损失的最佳估算已接近30万亿美元，相当于每个四口之家损失30万美元。”
保罗·克鲁格曼
保罗·克鲁格曼，诺贝尔经济学奖得主，称特朗普在“解放日”关税宣布后“彻底疯了”。（吉恩·梅迪/ NurPhoto via 盖蒂图片社）
诺贝尔经济学奖得主保罗·克鲁格曼表示，特朗普在“解放日”关税宣布后的数小时内“彻底疯了”。
“如果你曾抱有特朗普会悬崖勒马的幻想，那么这次关税公告——从极高的关税税率到对他国做法的完全不实描述——应该会彻底击碎你的幻想，”曾在麻省理工学院和普林斯顿大学任教的克鲁格曼在其Substack通讯中写道。
克里斯蒂娜·拉加德
欧洲央行行长克里斯蒂娜·拉加德在2026年3月19日周四德国黑森州法兰克福的利率决议新闻发布会上。（亚历克斯·克劳斯/彭博社 via 盖蒂图片社）
欧洲央行行长克里斯蒂娜·拉加德在接受爱尔兰《新谈话》电台采访时警告，关税将“在全球范围内产生负面影响”。
她表示，特朗普的贸易政策将拖累全球经济增长，并带来广泛的后果。
“这对全球经济不利，对征收关税的国家和采取报复措施的国家都不利，”拉加德说。
约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨
约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨称特朗普政府的关税将“摧毁经济”。（亚历山德罗·布雷梅克/ NurPhoto via 盖蒂图片社）
经济学家约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨表示，特朗普的关税威胁已使美国成为“一个令人恐惧的投资之地”，并可能引发滞胀。滞胀指的是经济增长缓慢与物价上涨并存的局面。作为哥伦比亚大学教授、前世界银行经济学家，斯蒂格利茨在接受《卫报》采访时警告称，他看不到经济前景有强劲的迹象。
“我看不到真正强劲的经济，”曾担任比尔·克林顿总统经济顾问委员会主席的约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨说。“我看到全球经济因特朗普带来的不确定性遭受重创。”
他还表示，关税引发的通胀正朝着不利方向发展，特朗普政府唯一能成功做到的就是“摧毁经济”。
贾里德·伯恩斯坦
白宫经济顾问委员会主席贾里德·伯恩斯坦表示，如果经济压力加剧，特朗普政府可能会在关税问题上改弦易辙。（塞缪尔·科勒姆/Sipa/彭博社 via 盖蒂图片社）
乔·拜登总统任期前白宫首席经济学家贾里德·伯恩斯坦称，美国是一个“庞大且占主导地位的经济体”，相对封闭，意味着该国比大多数国家更少依赖贸易。
“这意味着，正如特朗普所主张的那样，我们能够比他国伤害我们更有效地伤害他们，”伯恩斯坦说。“但他并未给出明确理由，说明我们为何要与加拿大、墨西哥、日本和欧洲这些传统可靠伙伴展开贸易战。”
伯恩斯坦表示，如果关税带来的经济压力加剧——比如通胀上升、经济增长放缓、股价下跌和衰退风险上升——特朗普可能会改弦易辙。
“到目前为止，这可能是特朗普第一任期的做法；但这次似乎并非如此，”他说。
穆罕默德·埃里安
安联集团首席经济顾问穆罕默德·埃里安表示，如果白宫就贸易政策提供更多细节，美国经济能够适应关税措施。（克里斯·拉特克利夫/彭博社 via 盖蒂图片社）
安联集团首席经济顾问穆罕默德·埃里安呼吁白宫 clarify 立场。“如果我们能明确政策方向，美国经济是能够调整的，”他对福克斯商业频道表示。
曾担任债券巨头太平洋投资管理公司（PIMCO）首席执行官的埃里安在X平台上写道，“美国关税公告后立即出现的全球金融市场价格走势，表明市场对全球经济增长存在重大担忧。”
比尔·格罗斯
太平洋投资管理公司联合创始人比尔·格罗斯表示，即便面临经济压力，他也不认为特朗普会在关税问题上让步。（帕特里克·T·福尔/彭博社 via 盖蒂图片社）
太平洋投资管理公司（简称Pimco）联合创始人比尔·格罗斯称，最新一轮关税“类似于1971年美国放弃金本位制”——这是一场“史诗级”的转变，市场不会迅速恢复。
“这不是你能快速判断市场底部的事情，”格罗斯对CNBC表示。“只要特朗普总统坚持这一立场，我们就不得不长期面对这一局面。”
被称为“债券之王”的格罗斯补充道，他不认为特朗普会改弦易辙。“坦率地说，特朗普总统是个好胜的男人，这个好胜的男人不会仅仅因为纳斯达克指数下跌5%就于次日退缩，”他说。
阿曼达为福克斯新闻数字频道报道商业与政治的交叉领域。
FLASHBACK: Trump’s ‘Liberation Day’ tariffs hit one-year mark as economists split on fallout
April 2, 2026 9:45am EDT / Fox News
The revenue from tariffs has emerged as a central pillar of Trump’s economic agenda
By Amanda Macias, Fox News
A year ago today, President Donald Trump announced a sweeping new round of global tariffs, escalating trade tensions with key allies and adversaries alike, raising fresh concerns about the outlook for the U.S. and global economy.
The “Liberation Day” tariffs were introduced as a broad set of import taxes that Trump said would correct long-standing trade imbalances and reduce U.S. reliance on foreign goods.
In the months that followed, markets experienced bouts of volatility as businesses and investors adjusted to the shifting trade landscape. Policymakers and economists, meanwhile, debated the longer-term impact on growth, inflation and global trade flows.
Many economists warned of potential consequences, including higher prices, slower growth and rising uncertainty for businesses and investors.
TRUMP SAYS US WOULD BE ‘DESTROYED’ WITHOUT TARIFF REVENUE
President Donald Trump announced his “Liberation Day” tariffs on April 2, 2025, at the White House.(Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images)
But not everyone agreed.
“Trump proved 12 Nobel Prize economists wrong,” economist Stephen Moore told Fox News Digital.
“Inflation didn’t rise. Why? Because the tax cuts, deregulation and ‘drill, baby, drill’ policies lowered prices and offset the tariffs,” added Moore, a former Trump adviser and co-founder of the free-market advocacy group Unleash Prosperity.
But Moore’s view was not widely shared. Here’s a look back at what other economists said at the time.
Larry Summers
Lawrence Summers, former president emeritus and professor at Harvard University, called the tariff policy “masochistic.”(Ting Shen/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
Former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers called the ‘Liberation Day’ tariffs “masochistic,” saying they were the worst levy the U.S. had imposed in decades.
“Never before has an hour of Presidential rhetoric cost so many people so much,” Summers wrote on X. “The best estimate of the loss from tariff policy is now closer to $30 trillion or $300,000 per family of four.”
Paul Krugman
Paul Krugman, a Nobel laureate, said Trump had “gone full-on crazy” after the ‘Liberation Day’ tariffs were announced.(Gene Medi/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
Paul Krugman, a Nobel Prize–winning economist, said Trump had “gone full-on crazy” in the hours after the “Liberation Day” tariffs were announced.
“If you had any hopes that Trump would step back from the brink, this announcement, between the very high tariff rates and the complete falsehoods about what other countries do, should kill them,” Krugman, a former MIT and Princeton University professor, wrote in his Substack newsletter.
Christine Lagarde
Christine Lagarde, president of the European Central Bank (ECB), at a rates decision news conference in Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany, on Thursday, March 19, 2026.(Alex Kraus/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
Christine Lagarde, president of the European Central Bank, warned that the tariffs would be “negative the world over,” in an interview with Ireland’s Newstalk.
She said Trump’s trade policy would weigh on global growth and carry broad consequences.
“It will not be good for the global economy, and it will not be good for those who impose the tariffs or those who retaliate,” Lagarde said.
Joseph Stiglitz
节点运行失败
Joseph Stiglitz said the Trump administration’s tariffs would “crater the economy.”(Alessandro Bremec/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
Economist Joseph Stiglitz said Trump’s tariff threats have made the U.S. “a scary place to invest” and could unleash stagflation. Stagflation refers to a combination of slow economic growth and rising prices. Stiglitz, a Columbia University professor and former World Bank economist, warned in an interview with The Guardian that he does not see a strong economic outlook ahead.
“I cannot see a really robust economy,” said Joseph Stiglitz, former chair of President Bill Clinton’s Council of Economic Advisers. “I see the global economy suffering greatly from the uncertainty that Trump poses.”
He also said the inflation triggered by the tariffs is moving in the wrong direction and that the only thing the Trump administration will succeed in doing is “to crater the economy.”
Jared Bernstein
Jared Bernstein, chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisors, said the Trump administration may reverse course on tariffs if economic pressures intensify.(Samuel Corum/Sipa/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
Jared Bernstein, the former White House chief economist under President Joe Biden, said the U.S. is a “large, dominant economy” that is relatively closed, meaning it relies less on trade than most countries.
“That means, as Trump has argued, we can hurt other countries more than they can hurt us,” Bernstein said. “But he hasn’t offered a clear rationale for why we should start a trade war with traditionally reliable partners like Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Europe.”
Bernstein said Trump may reverse course if mounting economic pressures—such as higher inflation, slower growth, falling stock prices and rising recession risks—intensify from the tariffs.
“So far, that may have been the approach in Trump’s first term; it doesn’t appear to be the approach this time around,” he said.
Mohamed El-Erian
Mohamed El-Erian, chief economic advisor for Allianz, said the U.S. economy could adjust to the tariffs provided the White House shared more details about the trade policy.(Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
Allianz chief economic adviser Mohamed El-Erian called for clarity from the White House. “If we get clarity on this, this is an economy that can adjust,” he told FOX Business.
El-Erian, the former CEO of bond giant PIMCO, wrote on X that “the price action in global financial markets in the immediate aftermath of the U.S. tariff announcement points to major worries about global economic growth.”
Bill Gross
Bill Gross, co-founder of PIMCO, said he did not believe Trump would reverse course on tariffs, even if there was economic pressure.(Patrick T. Fallon/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
Bill Gross, the co-founder of Pacific Investment Management Co., known as Pimco, said the latest round of tariffs is “similar to going off the gold standard in 1971″—an “epic” shift that markets won’t quickly recover from.
“It’s not something where you can time a market bottom quickly,” Gross told CNBC. “It’s something we’re going to have to live with as long as President Trump maintains this stance.”
Gross, dubbed the “Bond King,” added that he does not expect Trump to reverse course. “To be very blunt, President Trump is a macho male, and this macho male is not going to back down tomorrow simply because the Nasdaq is down 5%,” he said.
Amanda covers the intersection of business and politics for Fox News Digital.
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