2026年4月1日 / 美国东部时间下午3:21 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
华盛顿讯——总统特朗普表示，他正在考虑让美国退出北约，此前他多年来一直抱怨该联盟成员国没有为自身国防支付足够费用。自从他发动对伊朗战争以来，这位总统一直在猛烈抨击北约盟友缺乏支持。
2023年国会通过的一项法律——部分由现任国务卿马可·卢比奥牵头推动——禁止总统在未经立法部门批准的情况下退出该联盟。这项法律的存在可能无法阻止特朗普试图让美国退出这个已有77年历史的联盟。
以下是关于美国北约成员国身份需要了解的信息：
什么是北约？
北大西洋公约组织是一个防御性联盟，旨在二战后保障美国、加拿大和欧洲的安全。
该联盟成立于1949年，最初有12个成员国，如今已扩大到32个。最新加入北约的国家是2023年的芬兰和2024年的瑞典。
北约的宗旨是“通过政治和军事手段保障成员国的自由与安全”。其核心是第五条条款，规定对北约任何一个成员国的攻击将被视为对所有成员国的攻击。
特朗普为何暗示要退出北约？
多年来，特朗普一直对北约成员国的国防开支和出资问题持批评态度，他经常称盟友为不可靠的伙伴，指责该联盟是一条单行道。
2024年竞选连任期间，特朗普向北约成员国施加了巨大压力，要求它们增加国防开支。当时他承诺，如果其他国家支付其应缴份额，美国就不会退出该联盟。最终，这些压力促使成员国同意大幅增加国防开支。
但对伊战争再次加剧了紧张局势，因为北约盟友不愿协助美国，近期许多国家拒绝美国使用其领空或空军基地。随着成员国抵制他派遣军舰重新开放霍尔木兹海峡的呼吁，总统对该联盟的不满似乎有所增加。
周三，英国《每日电讯报》记者问及伊朗战争后他是否会重新考虑美国的北约成员国身份时，特朗普称这“无需重新考虑”，同时称这个由美国帮助建立的防务联盟是“纸老虎”。特朗普还告诉路透社，他“绝对”正在考虑退出该联盟。但这些言论是否是总统为向北约盟友施加影响力的策略，还有待观察。
特朗普总统于2026年1月21日在世界经济论坛间隙与北约秘书长马克·吕特举行双边会晤。奇普·索莫德维拉 / 盖蒂图片社
国务卿马可·卢比奥与总统持相同立场，他周二告诉福克斯新闻：“不幸的是，我们将不得不重新审视这个曾在一段时间内为美国带来益处的联盟，是否仍在发挥作用，或者它现在是否已变成一条单行道。”
卢比奥承认，作为参议员时他是北约的坚定支持者。但他辩称，如果美国在对伊战争中无法使用欧洲的军事基地，那么美国的北约成员国身份就必须重新考量。
“这场冲突结束后，我们将不得不重新审视这种关系，”卢比奥说，“我们将不得不重新评估北约及其联盟对我国的价值。最终这是总统要做的决定，他必须做出这个决定。”
近几周来，特朗普总统暗示他认为自己可以自行让美国退出北约，他上月告诉记者：“我不需要国会批准这个决定”，“我可以自己做出这个决定。”
总统能否让美国退出北约？
北约第十三条规定，任何成员国可在向美国政府提交“退出通知”一年后退出。但国会在2023年批准了一项立法，旨在阻止总统单方面退出北约。当时议员们表达了担忧，称特朗普若重新掌权，可能会试图让美国退出该联盟。
弗吉尼亚州民主党参议员蒂姆·凯恩和卢比奥是该条款的主要发起人，该条款被纳入2024财年《国防授权法案》，并由总统乔·拜登签署生效。
该法律规定，总统“不得暂停、终止、宣布退出或让美国退出1949年4月4日在华盛顿签署的《北大西洋公约》，除非获得参议院的建议和同意，且出席议员中有三分之二投赞成票，或依据国会法案行事”。
参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默周三在X平台上发帖称，参议院“不会因为特朗普不满盟友不配合他鲁莽的选择性战争就投票退出北约、抛弃我们的盟友”。参议院民主党团有47名议员，他们几乎肯定会反对这一举措，还有许多参议院共和党人也会反对。
但一些专家认为，总统可能会援引行政权力绕过该法律，这一举措几乎肯定会引发法律诉讼。
与此同时，其他人表示，即使没有正式退出，总统对该联盟日益敌对的立场也可能削弱北约。随着政府向欧洲国家施压，要求它们增加国防开支，美国在军事演习中的角色已经有所缩小。一些人指出，人们担心美国可能不会履行其第五条义务，或继续向成员国延伸核威慑。
欧亚集团总裁兼创始人伊恩·布雷默在X平台上的一篇帖子中指出，未经参议院同意，特朗普总统在法律上无法退出北约。但他表示，如果北约成员国“无法相信”美国会履行第五条义务，“那么这个联盟已经在最关键的方面破裂了”。
塔克·里斯和黑利·奥特为本报道做出了贡献。
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/trump-us-not-leaving-strait-hormuz-criticizes-nato-allies/
Trump says he might withdraw the U.S. from NATO, even though the law says he can’t without Congress’ approval
April 1, 2026 / 3:21 PM EDT / CBS News
Washington — President Trump says he’s considering withdrawing the U.S. from NATO, after years of complaining the alliance’s member countries aren’t paying enough for their own defense. And since he began the war with Iran, the president has been lashing out about the lack of support from NATO allies.
A law passed by Congress in 2023 — and spearheaded in part by Marco Rubio, now the secretary of state — bars the president from doing so without approval from the legislative branch. The existence of that law may not stop Mr. Trump from trying to pull the U.S. out of the 77-year-old alliance.
Here’s what to know about the U.S.’ membership in NATO:
What is NATO?
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a defensive alliance designed to keep the U.S., Canada and Europe safe in the wake of World War II.
Formed in 1949, the alliance initially included 12 countries, but has swelled to 32 members. The latest countries to join NATO include Finland in 2023 and Sweden in 2024.
NATO’s aim is to “guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means.” At its core is Article 5, which states that an attack on one NATO ally will be considered an attack on all.
Why has Trump suggested leaving NATO?
For years, Mr. Trump has taken issue with defense spending and contributions by NATO’s member countries, and he’s often referred to allies as unreliable partners, criticizing the alliance as a one-way street.
While running for his second term in 2024, Mr. Trump put intense pressure on NATO members to increase their defense spending. At the time, he pledged not to withdraw the U.S. from the alliance if other countries paid their fair share. Ultimately, the pressure led member countries to agree to a dramatic increase in their defense spending.
But the war with Iran has exacerbated tensions once more, as NATO allies have been reluctant to assist the U.S., with many denying the U.S. permission to use their air space or airfields in recent days. And the president’s frustration with the alliance has appeared to increase as member countries have resisted his calls to send ships to reopen the Strait of Hormuz.
Asked by Britain’s Telegraph newspaper Wednesday whether he’d reconsider U.S. membership in NATO after the Iran war, Mr. Trump said it’s “beyond reconsideration,” while calling the defense alliance that the U.S. helped forge a “paper tiger.” The president also told Reuters that he is “absolutely” considering an attempt to exit the alliance. But whether those comments are part of an effort by the president to exert leverage over NATO allies remains to be seen.
President Trump attends a bilateral meeting with NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum on Jan. 21, 2026. Chip Somodevilla / Getty Images
Secretary of State Marco Rubio shared the president’s sentiment, telling Fox News on Tuesday that “unfortunately, we are going to have to reexamine whether or not this alliance, that has served this country well for a while, is still serving that purpose, or is it now become a one-way street.”
Rubio acknowledged that as a senator, he was a staunch supporter of NATO. But he argued that if the U.S. is unable to use military bases in Europe during its war with Iran, then U.S. membership is going to have to be reconsidered.
“After this conflict is concluded, we are going to have to reexamine that relationship,” Rubio said. “We’re going to have to reexamine the value of NATO and that alliance for our country. Ultimately, that’s a decision for the president to make, and he’ll have to make it.”
The president has indicated in recent weeks he believes he can pull the U.S. out of NATO on his own, telling reporters last month that “I don’t need Congress for that decision,” and “I can make that decision myself.”
Can the president pull the U.S. out of NATO?
NATO’s Article 13 states that any member country may withdraw one year after providing a “notice of denunciation” to the U.S. government. But Congress approved legislation in 2023 aimed at preventing a president from unilaterally moving to leave NATO. At the time, lawmakers expressed concern that Mr. Trump could attempt to withdraw the U.S. from the alliance if he returned to office.
Democratic Sen. Tim Kaine of Virginia and Rubio were the lead sponsors of the provision, which was included in the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2024 and signed by President Joe Biden.
The law states that the president “shall not suspend, terminate, denounce, or withdraw the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty, done at Washington, DC, April 4, 1949, except by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, provided that two-thirds of the Senators present concur, or pursuant to an Act of Congress.”
Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer said in a post on X on Wednesday that the Senate “will not vote to leave NATO and abandon our allies just because Trump is upset they wouldn’t go along with his reckless war of choice.” The Senate Democratic caucus is made up of 47 members, who would all but certainly oppose the move, along with many Senate Republicans.
But some experts argue that the president could cite executive authority to sidestep the law, in a move that would almost certainly prompt legal challenges.
Meanwhile, even without an official exit, others say the president’s increasingly hostile stance toward the alliance may leave it weakened. Already, the U.S. has taken on a smaller role in military exercises as the administration has put pressure on European nations to step up their defense spending. And some have pointed to concerns that the U.S. may not honor its Article 5 obligations or continue to extend its nuclear deterrence to member countries.
Ian Bremmer, president and founder of the Eurasia Group, noted in a post on X that the president can’t legally withdraw from NATO without the Senate’s consent. But if NATO members “can’t trust” that the U.S. will honor Article 5, he said, “the alliance is already broken in the way that matters most.”
Tucker Reals and Haley Ott contributed to this report.
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/trump-us-not-leaving-strait-hormuz-criticizes-nato-allies/
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