2026-03-31 10:12:03 UTC / 路透社
作者:格拉姆·斯莱特里、休梅拉·帕穆克、特雷弗·汉尼卡特
2026年3月31日 美国东部时间上午10:12 更新,距发稿1小时前
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2018年3月4日,美国密歇根州沃伦市一家酒店外,大湖地区反法西斯组织(Antifa,即“反法西斯行动”)成员在一场反对极右翼的抗议活动中挥舞旗帜。路透社/斯蒂芬妮·基思 摄
[1/2]2018年3月4日,美国密歇根州沃伦市一家酒店外,大湖地区反法西斯组织(Antifa,即“反法西斯行动”)成员在一场反对极右翼的抗议活动中挥舞旗帜。路透社/斯蒂芬妮·基思 摄 获取授权许可,请点击新标签页
- 内容摘要
- 消息人士称,针对“反法西斯行动”和左翼团体的峰会计划于夏季举办
- 部分现任和前任美国官员称,此次峰会会分散人们对伊朗、真主党构成的威胁的注意力
- 美国国务院官员参与了筹备工作
华盛顿,3月31日(路透社)——三位知情人士透露,特朗普政府正在筹备一场国际峰会,重点打击左翼运动“反法西斯行动”(Antifa)及其他团体,这一举措凸显了美国政府反恐重点在过去一年间的转变。
这些要求匿名的消息人士表示,此次会议暂定6月或7月举办,将召集多国官员讨论对抗“反法西斯行动”的策略,并推动情报共享。由于未获授权向媒体发言,他们未公开身份。
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美国总统唐纳德·特朗普曾将“反法西斯行动”描述为美国面临的重大威胁。
反恐专家则认为,该运动并非一个有组织的实体,尽管一些自称与“反法西斯行动”有关联的人参与了美国国内的武装袭击。
其中两位消息人士称,负责筹备此次活动的官员包括负责军备控制和国际安全事务的副国务卿托马斯·迪南诺。
针对置评请求,白宫和国务院的发言人都将“反法西斯行动”称为特朗普政府面临的重大安全威胁。
国务院首席副发言人汤米·皮戈特表示:“‘反法西斯行动’中的无政府主义者、马克思主义者和暴力极端分子数十年来在美国乃至整个西方世界发动恐怖活动,为实现其极端议程实施爆炸、殴打、枪击和骚乱。”
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优先级之争
此次计划中的峰会引发了部分现任和前任官员的担忧,他们认为,在美国面临受中东战争驱动的伊朗赞助团体构成的威胁之际,这场峰会会分散注意力。
“我只是怀疑,在当前的局势下,考虑到伊朗和真主党策划的阴谋数量,现在是否真的有迫切必要将有限的反恐资源投入到‘反法西斯行动’威胁上,”迈克尔·雅各布森说道。他曾于2025年前担任国务院反恐局战略、规划与举措主管,目前是华盛顿近东政策研究所的高级研究员。
一位国务院官员辩称,本届政府已采取“前所未有的举措在全球打击恐怖主义”,其中包括针对真主党、哈马斯、也门胡塞武装以及各类贩毒集团的多项行动。
此次活动的诸多细节仍不明确,包括邀请哪些国家参会。
其中两位消息人士称,截至上周,会议的正式邀请尚未发出。这位国务院官员表示,峰会的日期尚未确定。
同样不明朗的是,此次活动是仅聚焦于自称属于“反法西斯行动”的团体或个人,还是泛指左翼团体。高级政府官员有时会用“反法西斯行动”作为各类左翼极端主义的通俗简称。
一位消息人士预计,欧洲各国将收到大量邀请。去年11月,特朗普政府根据美国法律将德国、意大利和希腊的四个左翼实体列为外国恐怖组织。去年11月,与其中一个名为“东方反法西斯行动”的组织有关联的七人在德国受审,罪名包括谋杀未遂。
该消息人士称,政府官员希望在此次峰会举办前后宣布成立一个打击“反法西斯行动”的全球联盟。
暴力行为,但无层级结构
根据美国国会研究服务处2020年的一份报告,“反法西斯行动”(“Anti-fascist”的缩写)并非一个有组织的政治团体,而是一个分散的运动,没有明确的结构、指挥层级或领导人。
一些政治极端主义专家以及前联邦调查局局长克里斯托弗·雷认为,“反法西斯行动”更应被视为一种意识形态,而非一个紧密团结的实体。法律和民权倡导者则担忧,特朗普对“反法西斯行动”的追查无异于试图将某些政治观点定罪。
支持政府将重点放在“反法西斯行动”上的人士指出,自称是“反法西斯行动”支持者的个人确实实施过暴力行为。
本月,沃斯堡的一个联邦陪审团裁定九人犯有与恐怖主义相关的罪名和武器罪名。检方称,这些人是“反法西斯行动”特工,他们去年袭击了德克萨斯州的一个移民海关执法局拘留中心。
特朗普最早于2020年试图将该运动列为国内恐怖组织,当时在乔治·弗洛伊德被警察杀害后引发数周骚乱期间,左翼示威者袭击了俄勒冈州波特兰的联邦建筑。
2020年8月,一名自称“反法西斯行动”支持者的男子在波特兰枪杀了极右翼团体“爱国者祈祷”的一名成员,随后被联邦和当地执法人员击毙。
伊朗威胁愈发突出
如今,大多数西方反恐官员都将重点放在伊朗赞助的针对美国、欧洲和以色列目标的袭击威胁上。
据路透社看到的一份安全公告显示,在2月28日美伊联合袭击伊朗之前,联邦调查局曾警告执法机构,德黑兰可能会对美国的打击进行报复,在加州发动无人机突袭。
欧洲警方机构欧盟刑警组织警告称,这场冲突对欧盟安全“具有直接影响”,欧洲大陆的恐怖袭击威胁有所上升。
近年来,无论在国内还是海外,美国官员都更关注右翼极端主义,而非左翼极端主义。
但特朗普已将打击左翼团体——尤其是“反法西斯行动”——作为一项优先任务。他在2024年的竞选活动中专门提及了该运动,并在保守派活动家、盟友查理·柯克去年9月遇刺后,誓言要对他指控的煽动暴力的左翼团体采取行动。
该案的公开证据并未显示涉嫌刺客泰勒·罗宾逊与“反法西斯行动”有关联。
遇刺事件发生后不久,特朗普签署行政命令,将“反法西斯行动”列为“国内恐怖组织”。
法律专家表示,国内恐怖组织的认定在法律和宪法上都站不住脚,且引发了言论自由方面的担忧。
格拉姆·斯莱特里、休梅拉·帕穆克、特雷弗·汉尼卡特 报道;唐·杜菲、阿利斯泰尔·贝尔 编辑
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Exclusive: US counterterror officials plan antifa summit, sources say
2026-03-31 10:12:03 UTC / Reuters
By Gram Slattery, Humeyra Pamuk and Trevor Hunnicutt
March 31, 2026 10:12 AM UTC Updated 1 hour ago
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Members of the Great Lakes anti-fascist organization (Antifa) fly flags during a protest against the Alt-right outside a hotel in Warren, Michigan, U.S., March 4, 2018. REUTERS/Stephanie Keith
[1/2]Members of the Great Lakes anti-fascist organization (Antifa) fly flags during a protest against the Alt-right outside a hotel in Warren, Michigan, U.S., March 4, 2018. REUTERS/Stephanie Keith Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
- Summary
- Summit targeting antifa, left-wing groups, planned for summer, sources say
- Some current and former US officials say event would be a distraction from threats posed by Iran, Hezbollah
- State Dept. officials involved in planning
WASHINGTON, March 31 (Reuters) – The Trump administration is organizing an international summit focused on countering the left-wing movement antifa and other groups, three sources familiar with the matter said, an effort that highlights the shift in the U.S. government’s counterterrorism priorities over the past year.
The conference, tentatively planned for June or July, will convene officials from various nations to discuss strategies for battling antifa and encourage intelligence sharing, said the sources, who requested anonymity as they were not authorized to speak to the media.
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U.S. President Donald Trump has portrayed antifa as a severe threat to the U.S.
Counterterrorism experts argue it does not exist as an organized entity, though people claiming affinity to antifa have been involved in armed attacks in the U.S.
Among the officials organizing the event is Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Thomas DiNanno, said two of the people.
In response to requests for comment, spokespeople for the White House and State Department both described antifa as a major security concern for the Trump administration.
“The anarchists, Marxists, and violent extremists of antifa have waged a terror campaign in the United States and across the Western world for decades, carrying out bombings, beatings, shootings, and riots in service of their extreme agenda,” said Tommy Pigott, the State Department’s principal deputy spokesman.
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A QUESTION OF PRIORITIES
The planned event has raised concerns among some current and former officials, who argue that the summit would be a distraction when the U.S. faces threats from Iran-sponsored groups driven by the war in the Middle East.
“I am just skeptical that now, with everything going on, when you see the number of plots being put together by Iran and Hezbollah, that there really is a compelling need to spend limited counterterrorism resources on the antifa threat right now,” said Michael Jacobson, who was the director of strategy, plans and initiatives for the State Department’s Counterterrorism Bureau until 2025. Now, he is a senior fellow at the Washington Institute for the Near East Policy think tank.
A State Department official argued the administration had taken “unprecedented steps to combat terrorism worldwide,” including many actions against Hezbollah, Hamas, the Yemen-based Houthis and various drug cartels.
Many details of the planned event were unclear, including which countries were invited and would participate.
As of last week, formal invites for the conference had not yet been sent, two of the people said. The State Department official said no summit date had been set.
It was also unclear if the event would focus narrowly on groups or individuals that self-identify with antifa, or on left-wing groups generally. At times, senior administration officials have used antifa as public short hard for leftist extremism of all stripes.
One source expected European governments to receive many of the invites. In November, the Trump administration designated four left-wing entities in Germany, Italy and Greece as foreign terrorist organizations under U.S. law. Seven people allegedly linked to one of those groups, known as Antifa Ost, went on trial in Germany in November for charges including attempted murder.
The source said administration officials hoped to announce a global coalition countering antifa around the time of the planned conference.
ACTS OF VIOLENCE – BUT NO HIERARCHY
Antifa, short for “anti-fascist,” is not an organized political group but is a decentralized movement without a clear structure, command hierarchy or leader, according to a 2020 Congressional Research Service report.
Some experts on political extremism, along with former FBI director Christopher Wray, have argued that antifa is better viewed as an ideology than a cohesive entity, and legal and civil rights advocates have expressed concerns that Trump’s pursuit of antifa amounts to an attempt to criminalize certain political views.
Supporters of the administration’s focus on antifa point out that individuals who identify as antifa sympathizers have in fact committed acts of violence.
A federal jury in Fort Worth this month convicted nine people, who prosecutors said were antifa operatives, on terrorism-related and weapons charges for an attack on an Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention center in Texas last year.
Trump first sought to designate the movement as a domestic terror organization in 2020, when left-wing demonstrators attacked federal buildings in Portland, Oregon during weeks of unrest following the police killing of George Floyd.
A self-identified antifa supporter shot and killed a member of far-right group Patriot Prayer in Portland in August 2020, and was in turn killed by federal and local law enforcement officers.
IRAN THREAT LOOMS LARGE
Most Western counterterrorism officials are now focused on the threat of Iran-sponsored attacks directed at U.S., European and Israeli targets.
Ahead of the joint U.S.-Israeli attack on Iran on February 28, the FBI warned law enforcement agencies that Tehran might try to retaliate for any U.S. strikes by launching surprise drone attacks in California, according to a security bulletin seen by Reuters.
European police body Europol has warned that the conflict has “immediate repercussions” for European Union security, with an increased threat of acts of terror on the continent.
Both at home and abroad, U.S. officials have in recent years focused more on right-wing extremism than left-wing extremism.
But Trump has made countering left-wing groups – and antifa in particular – a priority. He singled out the movement on the campaign trail in 2024, and he vowed to take action against left-wing groups he accuses of fomenting violence after the murder of conservative activist and ally Charlie Kirk in September.
Publicly available evidence in that case has not tied alleged assassin Tyler Robinson to antifa.
Shortly after the assassination, Trump signed an executive order labeling antifa a “domestic terrorist organization.”
Legal experts have said the domestic terrorist designation is legally and constitutionally dubious and raises free-speech concerns.
Reporting by Gram Slattery, Humeyra Pamuk and Trevor Hunnicutt; Editing by Don Durfee and Alistair Bell
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