3小时前 / 美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）
纽约—
纽约市议会周四批准了一项立法，要求警方制定计划，在抗议活动期间在学校和宗教场所设立缓冲区。
这一举措使市长佐兰·曼达尼（Zohran Mamdani）再次陷入政治斗争的漩涡。周五，他拒绝透露是否会签署或否决这项立法，理由是担心这些法案可能会限制纽约人的宪法权利。
第一项法案由纽约市议会发言人朱莉·梅宁（Julie Menin）牵头推动，以44票对5票通过，足够的票数可以推翻曼达尼可能的否决。
纽约市议员在曼哈顿上东区的帕克东犹太教堂外发生支持巴勒斯坦的抗议活动后提出了这项法案。该犹太教堂当时正在为Nefesh B’Nefesh举办活动，这是一个致力于促进和支持北美犹太人移居以色列的非营利组织。
数十名支持巴勒斯坦的抗议者戴着头巾，挥舞着巴勒斯坦国旗，聚集在犹太教堂外几步之遥的地方。他们高呼“以色列国防军去死”（IDF，即以色列国防军）和“全球起义”（intifada，阿拉伯语中意为起义，是指世纪之交前后的巴勒斯坦起义，犹太领袖警告称这会将针对犹太人的暴力行为“正常化”）等口号。
梅宁在1月份提出的初步提案包括在宗教场所设立最多100英尺的缓冲区。通过的版本要求警察局长杰西卡· Tisch（Jessica Tisch）制定在宗教场所举行抗议活动的管控计划，同时仍要保护言论自由。法案称，这些计划将包括纽约警察局在确定是否、何时以及在多大程度上使用安全围界时应考虑的因素。Tisch 必须在法案生效后不久向曼达尼和梅宁提交拟议计划。
“市议会很自豪能够立即采取有力措施，维护每个人都应享有的安全和自由。这就是保护纽约人的措施，也是我们的立法所要实现的目标，”梅宁在周四的新闻发布会上表示。
“对我来说，这是一个非常个人化的问题。我是大屠杀幸存者的女儿。我是大屠杀幸存者的女儿和孙女。我的祖父在大屠杀中被杀害，”梅宁补充道。
第二项法案由前公立学校教师、市议员埃里克·迪诺维茨（Eric Dinowitz）发起，要求纽约警察局在纽约市所有教育机构制定类似计划。
“在学生进出学校时保护他们，这一点非常重要。这项法案是倾听学生声音的成果，它制定了一个深思熟虑的策略，以预防悲剧发生，”迪诺维茨在新闻发布会上告诉记者。
周五，曼达尼没有承诺是否会否决这两项法案。
“我想说，在这项立法问题上，我意识到纽约人对这些限制其宪法权利的法案提出的严重关切，我将在决策中考虑这些关切，”他在一个无关的新闻发布会上宣读声明时表示。
市政府首席法律顾问拉姆齐·卡塞姆（Ramzi Kassem）在接受NY1采访时表示，曼达尼明确表示，“他不认为抗议是安全问题，他也不认为在纽约市祈祷和抗议之间存在任何矛盾，这两项权利可以共存，我们可以继续维护这两项权利。”
纽约民主社会主义者协会（New York Democratic Socialists of America，简称NYC DSA）对这些法案表示强烈反对。该组织共同主席古斯塔沃·戈迪略（Gustavo Gordillo）在一份声明中担心，这些法案将“严重限制我们的第一修正案抗议权、组织权、罢工权和工人行动权”。“这些法案未能打击仇恨——它们不是基于证据的解决方案。在镇压行为日益增多的时代，我们的代表至关重要的是保护而非侵蚀抗议权。”
市议员沙哈娜·哈尼夫（Shahana Hanif）是曼达尼的盟友，她在周四的听证会上表示，这些法案“赋予纽约警察局过多的权力来管控言论，引发了宪法方面的担忧。”
去年，在帕克东犹太教堂外发生抗议活动后，当时的当选市长曼达尼因对示威活动的回应而遭到批评。
他发表声明谴责示威者使用的语言，但也指出“神圣空间不应被用来促进违反国际法的活动”，暗指以色列在巴勒斯坦人希望作为未来国家的土地上建立定居点。他的团队随后发表后续声明，明确表示当选市长致力于保护犹太空间。
曼达尼有30天时间决定是否签署这两项法案。当被问及周五的新闻发布会上何时会宣布自己的决定时，市长表示：“按照法律规定的时间。”
New York City passes buffer zones limiting protests at schools and houses of worship
3 hr ago / CNN
New York—
The New York City Council approved legislation Thursday that would require police to publish plans to establish buffer zones at schools and houses of worship during protests.
The move places Mayor Zohran Mamdani in the middle of another political fight. He declined Friday to say whether he would sign or veto the legislation, citing concerns that the bills could limit New Yorkers’ constitutional rights.
The first bill was spearheaded by New York City Council Speaker Julie Menin and passed 44-5, enough votes to override a potential Mamdani veto.
New York City lawmakers introduced the bill following a November pro-Palestinian protest outside of Park East Synagogue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. The synagogue was hosting an event for Nefesh B’Nefesh, a nonprofit that works to facilitate and support North American Jews moving to Israel.
Dozens of pro-Palestinian protesters gathered wearing keffiyehs and waving Palestinian flags just steps outside of the synagogue. The group chanted slogans including “Death to the IDF,” or Israel Defense Forces, and “globalize the intifada,” an Arabic term for rebellion and a reference to Palestinian uprisings around the turn of the century, and one that Jewish leaders warn normalizes violence against Jews.
Menin’s initial proposal in January included up to a 100-foot buffer zone from houses of worship. The version that passed would require Police Commissioner Jessica Tisch to establish a plan for control of protests at places of religious worship while still protecting free speech. The plans would include considerations for the New York Police Department to use in determining whether, when, and the extent to which security perimeters may be used, according to the bill. Tisch would be required to submit a proposed plan to Mamdani and Menin shortly after the bill’s effective date.
“The council is proud to take immediate and impactful steps to uphold safety and freedom that should be guaranteed to everyone. That’s what it takes to protect New Yorkers, and that’s what our legislation delivers,” Menin said during a press conference Thursday.
“This is a deeply personal issue for me. I am the daughter of a Holocaust survivor. I’m the daughter and granddaughter of Holocaust survivors. My grandfather was killed in the Holocaust,” Menin added.
The second bill, which was sponsored by Council Member Eric Dinowitz, a former public-school teacher, requires the NYPD to establish similar plans at educational facilities across NYC.
“It is incredibly important that we are protecting our students as they are entering and leaving schools. This bill is the culmination of listening to student voices, and it creates a thoughtful strategy that preempts tragic occurrences,” Dinowitz told reporters during a press conference.
On Friday, Mamdani wouldn’t commit to whether he would veto either bill.
“I’ll say that when it comes to this legislation, I’m aware of the serious concerns that New Yorkers have raised regarding these bills limiting New Yorkers constitutional rights, and I will consider those concerns in my decision making,” he said, reading from a statement at an unrelated press conference.
City Hall chief counsel Ramzi Kassem said in an interview with NY1 that Mamdani has made clear, “he does not view protest as a security concern, and he does not think that there is any kind of contradiction between prayer and protest in New York City, both rights coexist, and we can continue to uphold both rights.”
The New York Democratic Socialists of America chapter has been vocal in their opposition to the bills. Gustavo Gordillo, the co-chair of the NYC DSA, fears the bills would “severely limit our first amendment right to protest, our right to organize, and our right to picket and take action as workers,” he said in a statement. “These bills fail to combat hate – they aren’t evidence-based solutions. In a time of rising repression, it is crucial that our representatives safeguard the right to protest, not erode it.”
Council Member Shahana Hanif, an ally of Mamdani’s, said during a hearing on Thursday that the bills “give the NYPD too much power to police speech and raise constitutional concerns.”
Last year, following the protests outside of the Park East Synagogue, then mayor-elect Mamdani faced backlash for his response to the demonstrations.
Issuing a statement that condemned the language used by demonstrators but also noted that “sacred spaces should not be used to promote activities in violation of international law,” a reference to Israeli settlements on land Palestinians hope to have for a future state. His team issued a follow-up statement making clear the mayor-elect’s commitment to protecting Jewish spaces.
Mamdani has 30 days to decide on the bills. When asked at a press conference on Friday when he will announce make his decision, the mayor said, “By the legal timeline.”
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