2026年3月19日 / 美国东部时间上午6:00 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
伦敦电 — 伊朗战争凸显了造价相对低廉的无人机对人类生命和关键基础设施构成的威胁。同时也凸显了美国及其部分中东主要盟友的军队似乎准备不足，难以应对此类武器。
在特朗普总统尖锐批评美国长期的北约欧洲盟友之际，这些国家正迅速在反无人机战能力方面抢占先机，利用在乌克兰四年战争中磨练出的技术和技能。
俄罗斯持续的全面入侵迫使乌克兰建立了强大的现代化反无人机能力。应美国的要求，基辅已派遣专家和设备，帮助保护美国人员和美国盟友在中东免受伊朗及其地区代理团体发射的无人机袭击。
但美国的一些欧洲北约盟友，包括波兰，也从乌克兰战场吸取经验，正在开发强大的反无人机系统以保护本国领土。
“你只需要实用的东西，而且要尽快得到”
英国军事智库皇家联合军种研究所（RUSI）地面战研究员罗伯特·托拉斯特（Robert Tollast）告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，波兰目前正在开发”世界上最强大和密集的反无人机系统之一”。
“包括美国在内的许多北约国家，对无人机威胁的适应都相当迟缓，”托拉斯特表示，部分原因是过度专注于新技术试验，包括激光技术。”我们在乌克兰看到的情况——我认为波兰和现在的德国实际上已经意识到这一点——是你只需要实用的东西，而且要尽快得到。”
今年1月，波兰总理唐纳德·图斯克（Donald Tusk）宣布了一项名为SAN的新型反无人机计划，该计划以一条河流命名。
波兰雷达制造商Advanced Protection Systems（APS）联合创始人拉多斯拉夫·皮耶谢维奇（Radoslaw Piesiewicz）告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，该系统将成为”欧洲最大的反无人机系统”。
APS正在与波兰国有国防集团PGZ以及挪威国防公司康斯伯格（Kongsberg）合作建造SAN系统。皮耶谢维奇表示，APS的技术已在乌克兰战场得到测试。
“在保护波兰领空时，显然我们是在保护北约东部侧翼的很大一部分，”他告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻。”这不仅是为了波兰，还将成为向其他国家出口这项技术的平台。已有其他北约国家表示有兴趣参与这项工作。”
SAN反无人机系统的工作原理
SAN将整合雷达和其他传感器，包括摄像头和射频传感器，以探测敌方无人机，然后使用干扰器和不同口径的武器使其失效或摧毁。
“西方防空系统中的许多雷达是为追踪和探测空中大型物体设计的——比如弹道导弹、高空喷气式飞机、敌方战机这类目标，”托拉斯特表示。”无人机显然体积很小，而且通常会低空飞行，这给传统雷达带来了诸多问题。”
“你不能使用原本用于探测喷气式飞机等目标的老式雷达，因为它们无法正确探测到伊朗制造的’柳叶刀’（Shahed）无人机和更小的无人机，”皮耶谢维奇告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻。”所以有两个重要点：你需要良好的雷达来监控空域，然后需要良好的软件指挥控制系统（C2），以监控空域并采取适当行动。”
托拉斯特表示，除了能够探测小型低空飞行无人机的雷达技术外，SAN还将由约700辆移动车辆和50至60个排组成，每个排配备30至50名军人。
这将使该系统能够灵活覆盖大面积区域，探测到从商业爱好者使用的小型设备到伊朗目前用于袭击其海湾邻国和霍尔木兹海峡船只的”柳叶刀”无人机。
皮耶谢维奇具体解释了SAN如何探测和中和飞向波兰领空的无人机。
对于”柳叶刀”等大型无人机，专业雷达能够”在操作员10多公里（约6英里）以外的地方非常精确地追踪其空间位置…并帮助操作员识别目标为’柳叶刀’。”
他说，跟踪信息由软件处理，使反无人机操作员能够”发射一架无人机攻击那架’柳叶刀’。拦截无人机通过雷达信息自动导向目标，直到几乎接近目标。”
然后拦截无人机的摄像系统接管，使操作员能够”完成任务，因为他离目标很近，可以直接击中它。”
SAN雷达系统能够探测到小型无人机，但探测距离不及”柳叶刀”或其他军事武器那么远。
“我们的雷达能从足够远的地方发现这些微小无人机，从而自动引导枪支瞄准目标…并正确控制枪支，消除威胁，”皮耶谢维奇说。
更广泛的意义
皮耶谢维奇表示，自伊朗持续战争开始以来，APS接到了”很多”咨询电话。
“来自重要机构的严肃询问，”他说。”这些国家存在问题，不同国家都在咨询。你不用是天才也能看出，这里存在一个大问题。”他拒绝透露具体哪些国家咨询了APS的反无人机技术。
“英国、美国…我们在反无人机方面正开始走出试验阶段，”托拉斯特表示，”我们必须加快速度。”
他承认，对于世界上最强大的军队来说，转向专注于反无人机系统可能说起来容易做起来难。
“这带来了所谓的部队设计问题。换句话说，如果我们担心高强度战争——比如欧洲与俄罗斯、美国与潜在的中国冲突——那么在反无人机防御中需要多少士兵、多少空军人员？”他说。”未来的军队会是什么样子？…这是昂贵的装备，而且仅仅靠出色的防御并不能赢得战争，这其中存在权衡。”
周二在访问伦敦期间，乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基明确表示，他认为两场正在进行的战争是相互关联的，称俄罗斯和伊朗是”仇恨兄弟”，并指出伊朗向俄罗斯出售”柳叶刀”无人机用于乌克兰战场。
尽管存在这些权衡，皮耶谢维奇表示，西方军队必须装备最先进的反无人机系统，以保护人类生命，同时从经济角度考虑也至关重要。
Iran war shows U.S. and allies were “slow to adapt” to drone warfare. Europeans are racing to catch up.
March 19, 2026 / 6:00 AM EDT / CBS News
London — The war in Iran has highlighted the threat relatively cheap drones pose to both human life and crucial infrastructure. It has also highlighted a seeming unreadiness to counter the weapons among the militaries of the U.S. and some of its major allies in the Middle East.
As President Trump sharply criticizes America’s longtime NATO allies in Europe, they are moving quickly to take the lead in anti-drone warfare capabilities, taking advantage of technology and skills honed over four years of warfare in Ukraine.
Russia’s ongoing full-scale invasion has forced Ukraine to build up robust, modern anti-drone capacities. Already Kyiv has sent experts and equipment, at the request of the U.S., to help protect U.S. personnel and American allies in the Middle East as they fend off drones launched by Iran and its regional proxy groups.
But some of America’s European NATO allies, including Poland, have also been learning from the Ukrainian battlefield, and they are developing robust anti-drone systems to protect their own territories.
“You just need what works, and you need it as soon as possible”
Poland is currently developing “one of the most capable and dense counter-drone systems in the world,” Robert Tollast, a research fellow in land warfare at the British military think tank RUSI, told CBS News.
“A lot of NATO countries, including the U.S., have been quite slow to adapt to the drone threat,” Tollast said, in part due to an over-focus on experimentation with new technologies, including lasers. “What we’ve seen in Ukraine — and I think the Polish and now the Germans actually are really picking up on this — is you just need what works, and you need it as soon as possible.”
In January, Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk announced a new anti-drone program, SAN, named after a river.
It will be “the largest counter-UAS [Unmanned Aircraft System] system in Europe,” Radoslaw Piesiewicz, co-founder of Polish radar manufacturer Advanced Protection Systems, told CBS News.
APS is building the SAN system along with Poland’s state-controlled defense group PGZ and Norwegian defense company Kongsberg. APS’ technology has been battlefield tested in Ukraine, Piesiewicz said.
“In protecting the Polish airspace, obviously we are protecting a big chunk of the eastern NATO flank,” he told CBS News. “This is going to be not only for Poland, but this is to be a … platform to export this technology to other countries as well. And there is already interest from other NATO countries to join in the effort.”
How SAN anti-drone system will work
SAN will incorporate radar and other sensors, including cameras and radio frequency sensors, to detect enemy drones, and then jammers and weapons of different calibers to disable or destroy them.
“A lot of radars in Western air defenses were designed for tracking and detecting large objects in the sky — think, a ballistic missile, high altitude, jet planes, enemy jets, that sort of thing,” Tollast said. “Drones are obviously quite small, and they typically will fly very low. That creates loads of problems for a conventional radar.”
“You cannot use legacy radars that are good radars but were meant to detect jets and things like that, because they are incapable to detect properly Shaheds [Iranian-made drones] and smaller drones,” Piesiewicz told CBS News. “So, two important things: You need good radars to monitor the airspace, and then you need a good software command and control, C2 system, that allows you to monitor that airspace and take proper action.”
In addition to radar technology that can detect small, low-flying drones, SAN will also consist of a mobile fleet of about 700 vehicles, and 50 to 60 platoons, each with 30 to 50 service members, Tollast said.
This will enable the system to flexibly cover large areas and detect drones as small as the commercially available devices flown by hobbyists, as well as the Shaheds Iran is currently using to attack its Gulf neighbors and ships in the Strait of Hormuz.
Practically, Piesiewicz explained how SAN will detect and neutralize drones heading toward Polish airspace.
For larger drones such as Shaheds, the specialist radar will be able to “very precisely track its position in space many kilometers away … more than 10 kilometers [about 6 miles] away from the operator. And it also helps the operator classify the target as a Shahed.”
He said the tracking information is processed by software that allows a counterdrone operator to launch “a drone against that Shahed. That interceptor drone is directed automatically on that target, using the information from the radar, up until it almost reaches the target.”
Then the interceptor drone’s camera system takes over, enabling the operator to “do the job, because he’s very close to the target, and he can simply hit it.”
The SAN radar system will pick up smaller drones, but not from as far away as something the size of a Shahed or other military weapons.
“Our radar see these tiny drones from far enough to automatically direct the guns on the targets … and then steer the gun properly so that that drone, that threat, can be eliminated,” Piesiewicz said.
Wider significance
Piesiewicz said APS has gotten “many” calls since the ongoing war in Iran began.
“Serious ones, from the serious places,” he said. “These guys have problems there, the different countries, and it’s — you don’t have to be a genius to see that, to understand that there’s a big problem with that,” he told CBS News, declining to give more information about who had called to inquire about APS’ anti-drone technology.
“Britain, the United States … we’re starting to move out of that experimentation phase when it comes to counter-drones,” Tollast said, adding, “We’ve got to move a lot more quickly.”
And he acknowledged that, for the world’s most powerful militaries, the shift to thinking about and focusing on anti-drone systems may be easier said than done.
“It brings in what you call force design questions. In other words, if we’re worried about a high intensity war — so, in Europe with Russia, with America, potentially China — how many soldiers, how many air force personnel are involved in the counter-drone defense effort?” he said. “What does the future army look like? … This is expensive equipment, and you don’t win wars by being excellent at defending yourself, basically. There are trade-offs.”
Speaking Tuesday on a visit to London, Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy made it clear that he sees the two ongoing wars as connected, calling Russia and Iran “brothers in hatred,” and noting that Iran sells Shahed drones to Russia to use in Ukraine.
Despite the trade-offs, Piesiewicz says it’s imperative that Western militaries begin equipping themselves with state-of-the-art anti-drone systems to protect human life, but also for economic reasons.
发表回复