2026年3月17日 / 美国东部时间上午11:21 / CBS新闻
尽管美国是全球最大的石油生产国，但自伊朗战争爆发以来，驾车者支付的燃油价格却大幅上涨。这是为什么？
根据美国能源信息署（EIA）的数据，截至2023年（最新可用数据），美国日均原油产量约为1300万桶，而全球第二和第三大产油国俄罗斯和沙特阿拉伯的日均产量均约为1000万桶。
美国汽车协会（AAA）的数据显示，周二美国全国汽油平均价格升至每加仑3.79美元，较一个月前的2.92美元上涨。柴油价格已飙升至每加仑5美元以上，达到2022年底以来的最高水平。
相互关联的石油市场
问题在于：美国生产的大部分石油用于出口，卖给外国买家。数据显示，美国同时仍是主要进口国，也是全球最大的石油消费国。
牛津经济研究院（Oxford Economics）美国首席经济学家伯纳德·亚罗斯（Bernard Yaros）表示：“全球市场决定价格。我们油箱里的石油来源并不重要。”
美国能源信息署（EIA）的数据显示，美国日均出口约1100万桶石油，同时日均进口约800万桶。
美国生产的大部分石油被称为“轻质”原油，这是全球需求量最大的高品质原油。然而，美国大部分炼油能力是为加工一种更粘稠的“重质”原油优化的。奥巴马政府时期的前美国能源部长、现任麻省理工学院能源研究员欧内斯特·莫尼兹（Ernest Moniz）解释道，美国炼油厂无法快速或轻易地重新配置以处理轻质和低硫（“甜”）等级的石油。
哈佛大学商学院供应链专家兼教授威利·施（Willy Shih）告诉CBS新闻：“美国的炼油厂，特别是德克萨斯州墨西哥湾沿岸的炼油厂，主要针对处理委内瑞拉的特定类型原油。”
结果是：当驾车者加油时，他们加的往往是用进口原油在国内炼制的汽油。因此，当全球油价上涨时，美国的燃油成本也会增加。
与此同时，油价飙升不仅增加了汽车加油成本，还推高了飞机燃油成本。这反过来又导致航空公司提高票价。
德意志银行分析师最近对美国机票价格的分析发现，3月下旬预订航班的国内平均机票价格上涨了15%至124%。该投行表示，跨大陆航班的平均票价上涨了100%以上，飞往加勒比海地区、佛罗里达州和跨大西洋目的地的航班价格也有所上涨。
麻省理工学院能源研究员、奥巴马政府时期的前美国能源部长欧内斯特·莫尼兹告诉CBS新闻：“如果油价上涨，所有东西的价格都会上涨。尽管我们是石油净出口国，但这并不改变我们仍是主要进口国的事实。”
编辑：Alain Sherter
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/strait-hormuz-frontline-us-israeli-war-iran/
The U.S. is the world’s leading oil producer. So why are gas prices soaring?
March 17, 2026 / 11:21 AM EDT / CBS News
Motorists are paying sharply higher fuel prices since the outbreak of the Iran war, despite the U.S. being the world’s largest oil producer. Why?
After all, as of 2023 (the latest data available), the U.S. churned out roughly 13 million barrels of crude a day, according to the Energy Information Administration (EIA). That compares with roughly 10 million barrels from the world’s No. 2 and No. 3 producers, Russia and Saudi Arabia.
On Tuesday, the average national gas price in the U.S. rose to $3.79 a gallon, up from $2.92 a month ago, according to AAA. A gallon of diesel costs has shot up to more than $5, the highest level since late 2022.
Interconnected oil markets
And here’s the thing: The U.S. exports much of the oil it produces, selling it to foreign purchasers. We also remain a major importer, with the U.S also the world’s biggest user of oil, data shows.
“The global market sets the price. The provenance of the oil we’re filling out gas tanks with doesn’t matter,” said Bernard Yaros, lead U.S. economist at Oxford Economics.
The U.S. exports about 11 million barrels of its daily output, according to the EIA. It also imports roughly 8 million barrels of oil.
Much of the oil produced in the U.S. is known as “light” crude, the highest-quality oil and the one for which there is the greatest global demand. Yet most of the country’s refining capacity is optimized for a more viscous type of oil known as “heavy” crude. U.S. refineries can’t be quickly or easily reconfigured to handle lighter and low-sulfur, or “sweet,” grades of oil, explained Ernest Moniz, the former U.S. Secretary of Energy under President Obama and now an energy researcher at MIT.
“Oil from different places has different characteristics,” Willy Shih, a supply-chain expert and professor at Harvard Business School, told CBS News. “Refineries in the U.S., along the Gulf Coast in Texas, are geared toward handling a particular type of crude oil from Venezuela,” he said.
The upshot: When drivers fill up their cars, it’s often with gas produced using imported oil that was refined domestically. So when oil prices rise around the world, that also increases the cost of fuel in the U.S.
Meanwhile, surging oil prices aren’t only raising the cost of filling a car — it’s also boosting the cost of filling a plane with jet fuel. That, in turn, is leading airlines to lift their fares.
A recent analysis of U.S. airline ticket prices by Deutsche Bank analysts found that average domestic airfares for travelers booking flights later in March have climbed by between 15% and 124%. The average fare for transcontinental flights has jumped over 100%, while flight prices to the Caribbean, Florida and transatlantic destinations have also risen, according to the investment bank.
“If the price of oil goes up, the price of everything goes up,” Ernest Moniz, an energy researcher at MIT and the former U.S. Secretary of Energy under President Obama, told CBS News. “Even though we are a net exporter of oil, that doesn’t change the fact that we are a major importer as well.”
Edited by Alain Sherter
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/strait-hormuz-frontline-us-israeli-war-iran/
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