2026年3月12日 13:50 UTC（路透社）
洛杉矶港的APM码头，加利福尼亚州，美国，2026年3月4日。路透社/迈克·布莱克
华盛顿，3月12日（路透社） – 1月份美国贸易逆差大幅收窄，出口激增创历史新高，进口则有所下降。这一趋势若能持续，可能会使贸易在第一季度为经济增长做出贡献。
美国商务部经济分析局和人口普查局周四表示，贸易缺口缩减25.3%，降至545亿美元。12月的数据被修正，显示逆差扩大至729亿美元，而非此前预估的703亿美元。路透社调查的经济学家曾预测1月份贸易逆差将缩小至666亿美元。
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该报告因去年政府停摆而延迟发布。在唐纳德·特朗普总统实施的大规模关税政策下，贸易数据波动剧烈。特朗普根据一项用于国家紧急状态的法律推行的进口关税被美国最高法院裁定违宪。
但特朗普回应这一裁决时，对所有国家实施了10%的全球关税，并表示该税率将升至15%。特朗普政府周三宣布，将针对16个主要贸易伙伴的过剩工业产能和强迫劳动发起两项贸易调查。
特朗普为关税辩护称，这是解决贸易不平衡和保护美国产业所必需的。然而，制造业复苏并未实现，自2025年1月以来已有10万个工厂岗位流失。
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1月份出口激增5.5%，达到3021亿美元的历史最高水平。这一增幅是2021年10月以来最大的一次。商品出口飙升8.1%，达到1955亿美元。其中，工业用品和材料出口增加94亿美元，主要是非货币黄金和其他贵金属。
资本货物出口增加54亿美元，创历史新高，主要得益于计算机、民用飞机以及计算机配件的出口增长。其他商品出口增加29亿美元，同样达到历史最高水平。但消费品出口减少28亿美元，降至2022年10月以来的最低水平，其中药品制剂出口下降21亿美元是主要原因。
1月份进口下降0.7%，降至3566亿美元。商品进口下滑1.0%，至2773亿美元。消费品进口减少33亿美元（主要是药品制剂）是主要拖累因素。汽车、零部件和发动机进口减少28亿美元，其中卡车、公共汽车、专用车辆以及乘用车进口均有所下降。
工业用品和材料进口减少14亿美元，其中非货币黄金进口下降11亿美元。
但资本货物进口增加34亿美元，创历史新高，这主要是由于计算机和电信设备进口增加，这可能与人工智能发展和数据中心建设有关。
1月份商品贸易逆差收窄17.6%，降至818亿美元。服务出口增加12亿美元，达到创纪录的1067亿美元，反映出其他商业服务、金融服务和知识产权使用费的增长。旅游服务出口下降3亿美元，可能反映出旅游业的减少。
服务进口增加2亿美元，达到创纪录的793亿美元，其中其他商业服务和保险服务进口有所增长。
在10月至12月季度，贸易对经济1.4%的年化增长率贡献微乎其微。
报道：露西亚·穆蒂卡尼；编辑：安德里亚·里奇
我们的标准：汤姆森路透信托原则
US trade deficit narrows in January as exports jump to record high
March 12, 2026 1:50 PM UTC / Reuters
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APM Terminals at the Port of Los Angeles, California, U.S., March 4, 2026. REUTERS/Mike Blake
WASHINGTON, March 12 (Reuters) – The U.S. trade deficit narrowed sharply in January as exports surged to a record high and imports fell, a trend that if sustained, could see trade contributing to economic growth in the first quarter.
The trade gap contracted 25.3% to $54.5 billion, the Commerce Department’s Bureau of Economic Analysis and Census Bureau said on Thursday. Data for December was revised to show the deficit widening to $72.9 billion instead of $70.3 billion as previously estimated. Economists polled by Reuters forecast the trade deficit shrinking to $66.6 billion in January.
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The report was delayed because of last year’s government shutdown. Trade data have been volatile amid President Donald Trump’s sweeping tariffs. The import duties, which Trump pursued under a law meant for use in national emergencies, were struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court.
But Trump responded to the ruling by imposing a 10% global tariff, which he said would rise to 15%. The Trump administration said on Wednesday it was launching two trade investigations into excess industrial capacity in 16 major trading partners and into forced labor.
Trump has defended the tariffs as necessary to address trade imbalances and protect U.S. industries. So far, the manufacturing rebirth has not materialized and 100,000 factory jobs have been lost since January 2025.
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Exports jumped 5.5% to an all-time high of $302.1 billion in January. The increase was the largest since October 2021. Goods exports soared 8.1% to $195.5 billion. They were boosted by a $9.4 billion increase in exports of industrial supplies and materials, mostly nonmonetary gold and other precious metals.
Capital goods exports increased $5.4 billion to a record high, boosted by computers, civilian aircraft as well as computer accessories. Exports of other goods rose $2.9 billion, also to an all-time high. But consumer goods exports decreased $2.8 billion to the lowest level since October 2022, pulled down by a $2.1 billion decline in pharmaceutical preparations.
Imports fell 0.7% to $356.6 billion in January. Goods imports slipped 1.0% to $277.3 billion. They were dragged down by a $3.3 billion decrease in consumer goods, mostly pharmaceutical preparations. Imports of automotive vehicles, parts and engines fell $2.8 billion amid decreases in trucks, buses and special-purpose vehicles, as well as passenger cars.
Imports of industrial supplies and materials dropped $1.4 billion, with nonmonetary gold falling $1.1 billion.
But imports of capital goods increased $3.4 billion to a record high, driven by computers and telecommunications equipment, likely linked to artificial intelligence and the construction of data centers.
The goods trade deficit narrowed 17.6% to $81.8 billion in January. Exports of services increased $1.2 billion to a record high $106.7 billion, reflecting rises in other business services, financial services and charges for the use of intellectual property. Exports of travel services fell $0.3 billion, likely reflecting a reduction in tourism.
Imports of services increased $0.2 billion to an all-time high of $79.3 billion amid gains in other business services and insurance services.
Trade made a negligible contribution to the economy’s 1.4% annualized growth pace in the October-December quarter.
Reporting by Lucia Mutikani; Editing by Andrea Ricci
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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