2026年3月12日 15:06 UTC / 路透社 / 贾勒特·伦肖报道
Shipping containers sit on a Mediterranean Shipping Company vessel docked at the port of Los Angeles in Long Beach, California, U.S., March 10, 2026. REUTERS/Caroline Brehman Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
华盛顿，3月12日（路透社） – 白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·利维特周四表示，特朗普政府正考虑在有限期限内豁免实施一个世纪的《琼斯法案》（Jones Act），以确保能源和农产品能够在美国港口之间自由运输，此举旨在应对与伊朗相关的供应中断。
“为了国家防御利益，白宫正在考虑在有限时间内豁免《琼斯法案》，以确保重要能源产品和农业必需品能够自由流向美国港口，”利维特在一份声明中说。
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“这一行动尚未最终确定，”她补充道。
两位知情人士向路透社透露，这项公告最早可能在周四发布，旨在应对自美国-以色列对伊朗战争开始以来燃油价格飙升及其他供应中断问题。
高汽油价格对总统唐纳德·特朗普及其共和党同僚构成重大政治风险，他们长期以来一直声称其能源政策将使美国消费者负担得起燃油。
油价持续上涨可能会削弱这一论调，并引发民主党人的批评，即政府未能保护家庭免受成本上升的影响，尤其是在11月中期选举前夕，选民对通胀仍高度敏感。
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汽车协会AAA的数据显示，周四美国全国零售汽油平均价格达到每加仑3.60美元，为2024年5月以来首次，柴油价格达到每加仑4.89美元，为2022年12月以来最高。
根据《琼斯法案》，美国港口之间运输的货物必须由美国制造、悬挂美国国旗且主要由美国拥有的船只承运。这一要求大幅限制了可供国内运输的油轮数量。
暂时豁免该规定将允许外国船只在美国港口之间运输燃油，有可能降低航运成本并加快交货速度。
美国最大的农业游说团体美国农场局联合会在3月9日的一封信中要求特朗普豁免《琼斯法案》，以提高国内运输能力，并警告称，通过霍尔木兹海峡的航运中断将导致农民面临化肥价格飙升。
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美国过去仅在极少情况下才会签发《琼斯法案》豁免，通常是为应对重大供应中断。最近的豁免发生在2017年飓风哈维（Hurricane Harvey）和飓风玛丽亚（Hurricane Maria）之后。当时，美国国土安全部临时允许悬挂外国国旗的船只在美国港口之间运输燃油，以缓解短缺并加快向受影响地区的交货速度。
贾勒特·伦肖报道；沙拉伊克·汗补充报道；理查德·瓦尔德马尼斯、菊池野山和迪帕·巴宾顿编辑
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Trump administration may loosen US shipping rules to combat fuel price spike, White House says
March 12, 2026 3:06 PM UTC / Reuters / By Jarrett Renshaw
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Shipping containers sit on a Mediterranean Shipping Company vessel docked at the port of Los Angeles in Long Beach, California, U.S., March 10, 2026. REUTERS/Caroline Brehman Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
WASHINGTON, March 12 (Reuters) – The Trump administration is considering waiving the century-old Jones Act for a limited period to ensure energy and agricultural shipments can move freely between U.S. ports, press secretary Karoline Leavitt said on Thursday, in a bid to combat Iran-related supply disruptions.
“In the interest of national defense, the White House is considering waiving the Jones Act for a limited period of time to ensure vital energy products and agricultural necessities are flowing freely to U.S. ports,” Leavitt said in a statement.
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“This action has not been finalized,” she added.
The announcement could come as early as Thursday, two sources familiar with the effort told Reuters, and would be aimed at combating spiking fuel prices and other disruptions since the start of the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran.
High gasoline prices carry significant political risks for President Donald Trump and fellow Republicans, who have long argued that their energy policies would keep fuel affordable for American consumers.
A sustained rise in pump prices could undermine that message and fuel criticism from Democrats that the administration has failed to shield households from higher costs, particularly as voters remain sensitive to inflation ahead of the November midterm elections.
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U.S. national average retail gasoline prices hit $3.60 a gallon on Thursday for the first time since May 2024, while diesel prices hit $4.89 a gallon, the highest since December 2022, data from the motorist association AAA showed.
Under the Jones Act, goods shipped between U.S. ports must be carried on vessels that are U.S.-built, U.S.-flagged and mostly U.S.-owned. The requirement sharply limits the number of tankers available for domestic shipments.
Waiving the rule temporarily would allow foreign ships to carry fuel between U.S. ports, potentially lowering shipping costs and speeding deliveries.
The largest U.S. farm lobby, the American Farm Bureau Federation, asked Trump in a March 9 letter to waive the Jones Act to improve domestic transportation capacity, warning of fertilizer price spikes for farmers caused by shipping disruptions through the Strait of Hormuz.
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The United States has issued Jones Act waivers in the past only sparingly, typically in response to major supply disruptions. The most recent waivers came after hurricanes such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Maria in 2017. At the time, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security temporarily allowed foreign-flagged vessels to transport fuel between U.S. ports to ease shortages and speed deliveries to affected regions.
Reporting by Jarrett Renshaw; Additional reporting by Shariq Khan; Editing by Richard Valdmanis, Chizu Nomiyama and Deepa Babington
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