2026年3月11日 / 美国东部时间上午11:51 / CBS新闻
国际能源署（IEA）周三表示，将从应急储备中释放4亿桶石油，这是该跨国组织历史上规模最大的一次释放。
这一宣布是在霍尔木兹海峡因伊朗战争实际上关闭的情况下做出的。通常情况下，全球约五分之一的石油供应通过这条关键水道运输。
IEA的目标是维护能源安全，该组织执行董事法提赫·比罗尔在周三的新闻发布会上表示：“这就是我们今天为石油市场所做的事情。”
比罗尔称，向全球市场增加石油供应将有助于“抵消因海峡实际关闭而造成的供应损失”，并表示此举标志着“应对市场混乱的重大行动”。
根据该机构的数据，IEA的石油储备约为12亿桶。上一次协调一致的石油储备释放发生在2022年，当时在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后，IEA释放了约2亿桶石油。2011年、2005年和1991年也采取了类似行动。
储备石油进入市场还需要一些时间，尽管IEA拒绝详细说明确切的时间框架。IEA在周三的声明中表示：“应急储备将根据每个成员国的国家情况，在适当的时间范围内投放市场。”
霍尔木兹海峡安全仍是关键
比罗尔表示，从长远来看，海峡重新向航运开放仍然至关重要，他强调了确保石油运输到全球市场的重要性。他说，中东产油国因缺乏“足够的市场运输路线”而停止生产，并且没有更多的石油储存能力。
IEA由包括美国在内的32个成员国组成，与各国政府和行业合作制定能源政策。
本周早些时候，由于担心伊朗战争可能导致霍尔木兹海峡长期封锁，全球油价飙升至每桶近120美元。
在IEA宣布之前，国际标准布伦特原油价格上涨3%，达到每桶90.42美元。美国基准西德克萨斯中质原油价格上涨1.5%，达到每桶84.73美元。
是油价的权宜之计吗？
投资顾问Capital Economics的气候与大宗商品经济学家哈马德·侯赛因在给客户的报告中表示：“表面上看，国际能源署大规模释放战略储备将有助于降低油价。事实上，在IEA考虑释放石油储备的消息传出后，本周油价回落至每桶100美元以下。”
侯赛因指出，然而，油价能否持续下跌取决于冲突的演变情况。他还指出，可能影响油价的另一个主要因素是中国——作为非IEA成员国——是否选择释放石油储备。
“近年来，中国通过建设储存设施和购买储备，似乎积累了大量石油库存。中国政府没有公布石油储备规模的官方数据，但大多数估计认为，其战略和商业储备总量约为11-14亿桶。”
由Alain Sherter和Aimee Picchi编辑
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/us-escalates-attacks-on-iranian-navy-ships-as-both-sides-battle-over-strait-of-hormuz/
International Energy Agency to release 400 million barrels of oil in move to lower energy prices
March 11, 2026 / 11:51 AM EDT / CBS News
The International Energy Agency (IEA) said on Wednesday it would release 400 million barrels of oil from emergency reserves, the largest release in the multinational organization’s history.
The announcement comes as the Strait of Hormuz remains effectively closed because of the Iran War. Normally, roughly a fifth of the world’s oil supply flows through the critical waterway.
The IEA’s aim is to maintain energy security, and “this is what we are doing today for oil markets,” the group’s executive director, Fatih Birol, said in a news conference on Wednesday.
Adding oil to global markets will help “offset the supply lost through the effective closure of the strait,” Birol said, adding that the move marks a “major action” to tame market disruption.
The IEA holds a stockpile of roughly 1.2 billion barrels of oil, according to the agency. The last coordinated stock release occurred in 2022, when it released roughly 200 million barrels of oil following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Similar actions were also taken in 2011, 2005 and 1991.
It will take some time for reserve oil to hit the market, although the IEA declined to outline a precise timeframe. “The emergency stocks will be made available to the market over a timeframe that is appropriate to the national circumstances of each Member country,” the IEA said in a statementon Wednesday.
Strait of Hormuz security remains key
Over the longer term, it remains critical that the strait reopen to ship traffic, said Birol, highlighting the importance of preserving the transport of oil to global markets. Middle East oil producers have halted production because they lack “sufficient routes to market” and have no more capacity to store oil, he said.
The IEA, which consists of 32 member countries, including the U.S., works with governments and industry to set energy policy.
Global oil prices shot up tonearly $120 barrel earlier this week on concerns that the Iran war could lead to a prolonged blockage of the Strait of Hormuz.
The price for a barrel of Brent crude, the international standard, rose 3% to $90.42 ahead of the IEA’s announcement. A barrel of West Texas Intermediate crude, the U.S. benchmark, gained 1.5% to $84.73.
Band-aid on oil prices?
“On the face of it, a large release of strategic reserves from the IEA would help to bring prices down,” Hamad Hussein, climate and commodities economist with investment adviser Capital Economics, said in a note to clients. “Indeed, oil prices fell back below $100 [per barrel] this week following discussions that the IEA was considering releasing oil reserves.”
Hussein noted, however, that whether lower oil prices could be sustained depends on how the conflict evolves. Another major factor that could affect oil prices is whether China, which isn’t a member of the IEA, opts to release oil, he noted.
“China appears to have amassed plenty of oil stocks in recent years by building storage sites and purchasing reserves. The government does not publish official data on the size of oil stocks, but most estimates put them at 1.1-1.4 [billion] barrels across strategic and commercial stockpiles.
Edited by Alain Sherter and Aimee Picchi
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/us-escalates-attacks-on-iranian-navy-ships-as-both-sides-battle-over-strait-of-hormuz/
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