2026年3月9日 18:07 UTC（路透社）
3月9日（路透社）- 周一发布的一份报告显示，在因基于种族的医疗指南导致黑人患者肾脏疾病诊断不足、移植手术更少的数十年之后，如今肾功能衰竭的黑人患者正接受更多移植手术，等待移植的时间也更短。
研究人员在《美国医学会杂志·内科医学》（JAMA Internal Medicine）发表的报告中称，美国新政策对黑人肾脏患者的治疗效果产生了显著的积极影响。
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“我们的研究结果表明，采取修复性措施以解决基于种族的临床算法造成的危害，有助于推动实现健康公平，”布里格姆妇女医院（Brigham and Women’s Hospital）和波士顿医疗中心的研究负责人罗翰·哈赞奇（Rohan Khazanchi）博士在一份声明中表示。
未参与该研究的外科医生向路透社透露，在某些情况下，黑人患者在使用无种族差异的公式重新评估其疾病严重程度后，数月内就获得了移植手术，而在此之前他们依靠透析维持生命多年。这些患者在旧体系下可能还需要数年才能排到移植名单的最前列。
历史背景： 过去，黑人患者要被诊断出患有肾脏疾病，其肾功能必须比白人患者差得多。
2021年，为解决这一不平等问题，种族因素被从肾功能评估公式中移除。两年后，美国医院被要求重新评估肾脏移植等待名单，并纠正那些因旧公式评估而导致疾病严重程度判断有误的黑人患者的排名状态。
报告显示，截至2025年6月，共有21,119名等待移植的黑人患者在名单上获得了前移，每1000名黑人候选者的移植数量增加了5.3例，而非黑人和/或西班牙裔候选者的移植率并未出现显著变化。
哈赞奇博士表示：“尽管黑人患者被诊断出终末期肾脏疾病的比例要高得多，但他们与其他边缘化群体仍然没有得到公平的移植机会。因此，仍需持续问责和干预，以确保所有社区都能得到公平的优先对待。”
研究人员指出，美国肾脏数据系统（U.S. Renal Data System）近期停止收集种族和民族数据的做法，可能会抹去数十年在监测和干预肾脏移植不平等问题上取得的进展。
南希·拉皮德（Nancy Lapid）报道；比尔·伯克罗特（Bill Berkrot）编辑
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US kidney transplant inequity narrows for Black patients
March 9, 2026 6:07 PM UTC / Reuters
March 9 (Reuters) – Black patients with failing kidneys are receiving more transplants and spending less time on transplant waiting lists, after decades in which race-based medical guidelines led to under-diagnosis of kidney disease and fewer transplants in those patients, according to a report published on Monday.
New U.S. policies are having a noticeably positive impact on outcomes of Black kidney patients, researchers said in a report published in JAMA Internal Medicine.
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“Our findings indicate that reparative approaches to address the harms caused by race-based clinical algorithms can help move the needle toward health equity,” study leader Dr. Rohan Khazanchi of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Boston Medical Center said in a statement.
In some cases, Black patients who had been kept alive by dialysis for years while awaiting a new kidney received a transplant within months after the severity of their disease was reassessed using a race-neutral formula, surgeons not involved in the new study told Reuters. These patients were likely still years from reaching the top of the transplant list under the old system, they said.
Historically, to receive a diagnosis of kidney disease, Black patients needed worse renal function than white patients.
In 2021, to address this inequity, race was removed from equations for estimating renal function. Two years later, U.S. hospitals were ordered to reassess their kidney transplant waiting lists and correct the status of Black patients whose kidney disease severity had been assessed by the old formula.
As of June 2025, 21,119 Black patients waiting for transplants had been moved up on waiting lists, resulting in an increase of 5.3 transplants per 1,000 Black candidate listings, without significant changes in transplant rates among non-Black and/or Hispanic candidates, according to the report.
“Black patients and other marginalized groups are still not transplanted equitably despite being diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease at much higher rates, so there remains a continued need for accountability and intervention to ensure that all communities are equitably prioritized,” Khazanchi said.
Recent efforts to end collection of race and ethnicity data in the U.S. Renal Data System risk erasing decades of progress in monitoring and intervening on kidney transplant inequities, the researchers said.
Reporting by Nancy Lapid; Editing by Bill Berkrot
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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