2026年3月6日 / 美国东部时间下午3:47 / CBS新闻
人工智能聊天机器人Claude的开发公司Anthropic表示，它已建立了一个早期预警系统，以追踪美国哪些工作最容易受到人工智能的影响——其初步研究结果表明，许多白领岗位处于前沿。
该公司的新研究正值人们越来越担心人工智能正在夺走年轻求职者的工作。面对日益强大的生成式AI工具以及亚马逊和Block等公司近期以AI为由的裁员，年长的白领工人正担心自己的长期就业保障。
Anthropic的研究人员追踪了AI能力与其在各职业中实际被工人使用的情况之间的差距。分析发现”到目前为止，几乎没有证据表明AI对就业产生了影响”。
研究人员表示，早期关于AI导致年轻大学毕业生失业率上升的担忧可能也被夸大了，他们指出”只有一些暗示性证据表明，在受影响的职业中，年轻工人的招聘有所放缓”。
但尽管研究发现AI到目前为止对劳动力市场的可衡量影响很小，研究人员表示，这项技术最终可能会对许多职业产生巨大影响，从律师到销售代表。
最易受影响的职业
为了确定一个工作的受影响程度，Anthropic将AI执行特定任务的能力与这些任务在各职业中的普遍性进行了比较。
研究人员指出，工作由许多任务组成，其中一些任务容易被AI取代，而另一些则难以取代。以教学为例，AI聊天机器人可以批改作业，但无法管理一个班级的孩子。
Anthropic表示，一个工作的”受影响程度”是基于其任务中人工智能有可能加速或帮助完成的百分比。
Anthropic确定的最易受AI影响的10个职业如下：
- 计算机程序员：75%
- 客户服务代表：70%
- 数据录入员：67%
- 医疗记录专员：67%
- 市场研究分析师和营销专员：65%
- 销售代表：63%
- 金融和投资分析师：57%
- 软件质量保证分析师：52%
- 信息安全分析师：49%
- 计算机用户支持专员：47%
Anthropic引用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的数据发现，到2034年，这些被认为”更易受人工智能影响”的职业的增长速度预计会更慢。
Anthropic的研究人员指出，这些职业的工作者更可能是”年龄较大、女性、受教育程度更高且收入更高”的人群。这与之前的研究一致，该研究发现以女性为主的职业极易受到AI影响，如行政助理和文员。
受影响最小的职业往往需要体力。场地管理员、厨师、摩托车修理工、救生员和调酒师等职业的受影响程度最低。
编辑：艾米·皮基
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/how-will-ai-transform-the-workforce/
Anthropic is tracking which jobs are most exposed to AI. These 10 professions top the list.
March 6, 2026 / 3:47 PM EST / CBS News
Anthropic, the maker of the AI chatbot Claude, says it has built an early warning system to track which U.S. jobs are most exposed to artificial intelligence — and its initial findings suggest many white-collar roles sit near the front lines.
The company’s new research comes as fears mount that AI is taking work away from young job-seekers. Older white-collar workers are fretting about their long-term job security in the face of ever-capable generative AI tools and recent layoffs from corporations such as Amazon and Block that have cited AI.
Anthropic’s researchers tracked the gap between AI’s capabilities and how the technology is actually being used by workers across professions. The analysis found “limited evidence that AI has affected employment to date.”
Early fears that AI is responsible for rising joblessness among young college grads may also be overblown, the researchers said, noting only “suggestive evidence that hiring of younger workers has slowed in exposed occupations.”
But despite the finding that AI has so far had little measurable impact on the labor market, the researchers said the technology could eventually have a seismic effect on many professions, from lawyers to sales reps.
Most exposed occupations
To determine a job’s exposure, Anthropic compared AI’s ability to perform specific tasks with how common those tasks are across professions.
Jobs are made up of many tasks, with some of them easily replaced by AI, while others are difficult to replace. Take teaching, where an AI chatbot could grade homework but wouldn’t be able to manage a classroom of children, the researchers noted.
Anthropic said a job’s “exposure” is based on the percentage of its tasks that artificial intelligence could potentially speed up or help perform.
These are the 10 professions Anthropic identified as most exposed to AI:
- Computer programmers: 75%
- Customer service reps: 70%
- Data entry keyers: 67%
- Medical record specialists: 67%
- Market research analysts and marketing specialists: 65%
- Sales reps: 63%
- Financial and investment analysts: 57%
- Software quality assurance analysts: 52%
- Information security analysts: 49%
- Computer user support specialists: 47%
Professions that are considered to be more “exposed” to artificial intelligence are projected to grow more slowly through 2034, Anthropic found, citing data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Workers in these professions are more likely to be “older, female, more educated and higher-paid,” Anthropic researchers noted. That aligns with previous research that found women-dominated occupations are deeply vulnerable to AI, such as administrative assistants and clerks.
The least exposed occupations tend to require physical abilities. Jobs such as groundskeepers, cooks, motorcycle mechanics, lifeguards and bartenders ranked among those with the lowest exposure.
Edited by Aimee Picchi
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/how-will-ai-transform-the-workforce/
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