2026年3月5日 / 美国东部时间晚上8:45 / 哥伦比亚广播公司新闻
华盛顿 — 在美国与以色列对伊朗战争爆发前夕，伊朗报复性袭击导致6名美军人员在科威特丧生的前一周，美国陆军中央司令部的一份备忘录显示，伊朗情报机构很可能已识别并追踪美军根据五角大楼的兵力保护计划从军事设施撤离的行动。据哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（CBS News）查阅的美国陆军中央司令部备忘录称，这些部队是为了防范对伊朗的先发制人打击而转移的。
美国陆军中央司令部是美国中央司令部的组成部分，后者是针对伊朗行动的主要单位。该司令部的备忘录称，美国已确定与伊朗结盟的民兵组织综合运用情报能力来监控美军的调动。
三名不愿具名的美国军方官员表示，有人看到小型四旋翼无人机在科威特舒艾巴港附近飞行，怀疑它们在无人机袭击前进行侦察。
3月1日六名美国人遇袭身亡的第二天，美军在”爱国者”导弹防御系统附近发现了与气球或降落伞相连的GPS应答器。目前尚不清楚这些应答器的用途，也不清楚它们是否与伊朗发射的无人机有关。
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻未获得陆军中央司令部的备忘录，但查阅了该备忘录并独立核实了内容的真实性。该文件未附带机密标记。备忘录旨在将信息从陆军中央司令部向上传达给更高层级的指挥部。
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻暂不公布有关3月1日袭击后旨在保护美军的现行兵力保护措施的信息。
美国陆军中央司令部将问题转交给美国中央司令部，但后者未予回应。
周三，美国国防部部长皮特·赫格塞斯（Pete Hegseth）和参谋长联席会议主席丹·凯恩（Gen. Dan Caine）在五角大楼联合新闻发布会上，就代号为”史诗怒涛”（Operation Epic Fury）的美军对伊朗行动向媒体进行了通报。
赫格塞斯解释说，在发动大规模作战能力之前，国防部优先考虑的是保护美军。
“当我们集结进攻力量时，我们将绝大多数美军——超过90%的在基地的美军——转移到所谓的’X区域’之外，使其脱离伊朗火力范围，”赫格塞斯向记者表示。
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻了解到，在科威特舒艾巴港战术行动中心遇难的六名美国人，是根据赫格塞斯解释的”离开X区域”计划部署在那里的。在军事术语中，”X”代表目标，”离开X区域”意味着从可能被袭击的危险地点撤离。
美军从科威特的阿里夫贾恩营地撤离。一名美军官员表示，”离开X区域”的计划是个好主意，但不幸的是，”X区域”随着一些军人的移动而转移，而他们对此并不知情。
三名美国军方官员告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，科威特舒艾巴港的战术行动中心是一个持续作战战术行动中心（Continuity of Operations Tactical Operations Center，简称COOP TOC），这是一个备用指挥站，在主要战术行动中心被摧毁、撤离或无法运作时可接管指挥权。
虽然这种现有结构多年来一直用于港口运作，但此次被重新用于国防部对伊朗的进攻行动。三名美国军方官员称，这与去年以色列和伊朗之间12天战争中执行的计划相同。
这个特定的行动中心及其防御工事在伊拉克和阿富汗战争中很常见。拖车或货运集装箱被T型墙包围，T型墙是钢筋混凝土加固屏障，可防护迫击炮和火箭弹，但无法抵御空中袭击。
五角大楼发言人肖恩·帕内尔（Sean Parnell）对哥伦比亚广播公司新闻的报道提出异议，称该中心是”安全设施”，”设有6英尺高的围墙”。
![图片：Planet Labs PBC提供的2025年6月26日科威特舒艾巴港战术行动中心照片。美联社]
科威特舒艾巴港美军基地发生了什么
周二，哥伦比亚广播公司新闻报道称，袭击前曾有讨论是否应将该地点用作二级行动中心，因为那里集中了太多美军，无法抵御来自空中的威胁。尽管有建议称不应使用该地点，但地面指挥官仍决定使用它。
军方官员还表示，在致命袭击前一周，警报美军人员注意到空中来袭的警报器一直有效，但在之前的事件中，有些无人机在警报响起前就已进入基地。军人不记得警报器在无人机袭击中心前是否被激活。
行动中心的地面官员曾请求在港口附近增加反无人机系统以防御来袭无人机。目前尚不清楚为何未提供这些额外资源。一名官员告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，该港口没有反无人机能力。
官员们还表示，舒艾巴港没有可用于击落来袭无人机或其他致命弹药的美国防御系统。科威特附近有拦截器，但目前还不清楚是否动用了这些拦截器。
“我们有防空系统，大部分来袭目标都被拦截，”赫格塞斯在五角大楼新闻发布会上表示。”偶尔，我们可能会漏掉一个，我们称之为’漏网之鱼’，不幸的是，这次它击中了一个加固的战术行动中心，但这些是威力强大的武器。”
五角大楼确认遇难者包括杰弗里·R·奥布莱恩少校、科迪·霍尔克上尉、一等军士诺亚·蒂特延斯、一等军士妮可·阿莫尔和狄克伦·科迪特军士（死后晋升为专业军士），首席 Warrant Officer 3罗伯特·M·马赞被认为是第六名遇难士兵。这六人均来自爱荷华州得梅因的第103补给司令部。
自四年前俄罗斯-乌克兰冲突开始以来，美国国防部一直在探索加固阵地和反无人机的方法。赫格塞斯成立了联合跨机构任务部队401（Joint Interagency Task Force 401），以加速国防部的反无人机努力。
今年1月，该任务部队发布了一份行动手册，帮助军事设施指挥官保护资产免受无人机威胁。建议包括使用防护网捕捉或触发来袭无人机的早期引爆，以及加固的顶部覆盖物。
该任务部队主任马特·罗斯准将（Brig. Gen. Matt Ross）表示：”无论是前进作战基地、户外音乐会场地还是举办世界杯的体育场，本指南中概述的风险评估和物理保护原则都是相同的。”
美国海军陆战队伊拉克和阿富汗战争老兵、哥伦比亚广播公司新闻撰稿人埃利奥特·阿克曼（Elliot Ackerman）强调了从这些悲剧事件中吸取教训的必要性。
“正如我们在乌克兰看到的，无人机在战场上的威胁是新的且真实存在的，现在在伊朗也出现了类似情况。在每一场战争中，战术都会改变，这场战争也不会例外，”阿克曼说。”重要的是适应并领先于这些变化。”
Iran appeared to surveil center where U.S. forces were killed in Kuwait, Army memo says
March 5, 2026 / 8:45 PM EST / CBS News
Washington — In the week before an Iranian retaliatory strike that killed six American service members in Kuwait as the U.S.-Israeli war with Tehran began, Iranian intelligence was likely able to identify and track U.S. forces moving off military installations as a part of the Pentagon’s force protection plan. The troops had moved in anticipation of the preemptive strikes on Iran, according to a U.S. Army Central memo reviewed by CBS News.
U.S. Army Central is a component of U.S. Central Command, the primary unit conducting operations against Iran. Its memo said that the U.S. had determined that Iranian-aligned militia groups used a combination of intelligence capabilities to monitor U.S. troop movements.
Smaller quad-copter drones were seen flying around the Shuaiba port in Kuwait and were suspected of conducting reconnaissance ahead of the drone strike attack, according to three U.S. military officials, speaking under condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to media outlets.
A day after the six Americans were killed on March 1, U.S. forces recovered GPS transponders connected to balloons or parachutes near Patriot Missile Defense Systems. It’s unclear what these transponders were used for or if they played a role in the drones launched by Iran.
CBS News did not obtain the Army Central memo, but reviewed it and independently verified the authenticity of the contents. The document seen by CBS News did not have classification markings attached. The memo sought to pass information up from Army Central to higher command.
CBS News is withholding the publishing of information that concerns current force protection measures designed to protect U.S. troops following the March 1 attack.
U.S. Army Central referred questions to U.S. Central Command, which did not reply.
In a joint news conference at the Pentagon Wednesday, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and Gen. Dan Caine, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, briefed the media on U.S. military operations against Iran, dubbed Operation Epic Fury.
Hegseth explained that before launching major combat operations, the Defense Department prioritized protection of U.S. troops above everything else.
“As we built up offensive combat power, we moved the vast majority of American troops — over 90% of Americans that were on our bases — what we say off the X, out of the range of Iranian fire,” Hegseth told reporters.
CBS News has learned that the six Americans killed in the tactical operations center at the Shuaiba port in Kuwait were located there as a part of the “get off the X” plan explained by Hegseth. In military parlance, “X” signifies a target, and “get off the X” means moving away from a dangerous location where a service member could be targeted or attacked.
U.S. troops were moved off of Camp Arifjan in Kuwait. One U.S. military official said that the plan to move “off the X” was a good idea, but unfortunately, the “X” moved with some of the service members without their knowledge.
Three U.S. military officials told CBS News that the tactical operations center at the Shuaiba port in Kuwait was a Continuity of Operations Tactical Operations Center, known as a COOP TOC, a backup command post that can take over operations if the main tactical operations center is destroyed, evacuated or unable to function.
While the existing structure had been there for years for port operations, it was repurposed for the Defense Department’s Iran offensive. Three U.S. military officials said it was the same plan executed during the 12-day war last year between Israel and Iran.
This particular operations center and its defenses were commonplace during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Trailers or cargo containers were surrounded by T-walls, which are steel-reinforced concrete barriers that could provide protection from mortars and rockets, but not from aerial attacks.
Pentagon spokesperson Sean Parnell disputed CBS News’ reporting, arguing the center was a “secure facility” and “was fortified with 6-foot walls.”
An image provided by Planet Labs PBC shows a Tactical Operations Center at Port Shuaiba, Kuwait, on June 26, 2025. AP
What happened at the U.S. base at Shuaiba port
On Tuesday, CBS News reported that prior to the attack, there were discussions about whether the location should be used as a secondary operations center because it concentrated too many U.S. troops in a location that was not defendable from threats from the sky. Despite a recommendation that the location should not be used, ground leaders decided to use it anyway.
Military officials also said that the warning siren that alerts service members to an incoming aerial attack had worked all week before the deadly strike, but in prior incidents, some of the drones were already inside the base before the siren sounded. Service members did not recall if the warning siren activated before the drone struck the center.
Officials on the ground at the operations center had made requests for additional Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems near the port to defend against incoming drones. It’s unclear why those additional resources were not provided. One official told CBS News that the port had no drone defeat capability.
Officials also said there were no American defense systems at Shuaiba port that could be used to bring down incoming drones or other deadly munitions. Kuwait had interceptors in the vicinity, but it’s unclear if those were employed.
“You have air defenses, and a lot’s coming in, and you hit most of it,” Hegseth said during a news conference at the Pentagon. “Every once in a while, you might have one, unfortunately, we call it a squirter, that makes its way through. And in that particular case, it happened to hit a tactical operations center that was fortified, but these are powerful weapons.”
The Pentagon identified those killed as Maj. Jeffrey R. O’Brien, Capt. Cody Khork, Sgt. 1st Class Noah Tietjens, Sgt. 1st Class Nicole Amor, and Sgt Declan Coady, who was posthumously promoted from specialist. It said Chief Warrant Officer 3 Robert M. Marzan is “believed to be” the sixth soldier who was killed. All six were from the 103rd Sustainment Command based in Des Moines.
The Defense Department has been exploring ways to harden positions and counter drones ever since the beginning of the Russia-Ukraine conflict four years ago. Hegseth created Joint Interagency Task Force 401 to help accelerate the Pentagon’s counter-drone efforts.
In January, the task force released a playbook to aid military installation commanders in their efforts to secure their assets from drones. Recommendations included protective netting to capture or trigger the early detonation of incoming drones, along with reinforced overhead cover.
Army Brig. Gen. Matt Ross, the director of the task force said: “Whether it’s a forward operating base, an outdoor concert venue or a stadium hosting the World Cup, the principles of risk assessment and physical protection outlined in this guide remain the same.”
Elliot Ackerman, a U.S. Marine veteran of Iraq and Afghanistan and CBS News contributor, underscored the need to learn from these tragic incidents.
“The threat that drones play on the battlefield is new and real, as we’ve seen in Ukraine and are now seeing in Iran. In every war, tactics change. This war will be no different,” said Ackerman. “What’s important is to adapt and stay ahead of those changes.”
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