作者：埃拉·尼尔森（Ella Nilsen），美国有线电视新闻网（CNN） | 发布时间：2026年3月4日，美国东部时间下午6:23
周三，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普与主要科技公司共同公布了一项自愿承诺书。政府表示，该承诺书将保护消费者免受人工智能发展引发的电费上涨影响。
在白宫圆桌会议上——这是2026年中期选举前又一次试图缓解选民对生活成本担忧的举措——特朗普与七家大型科技公司的首席执行官签署了所谓的“纳税人保护承诺书”。根据该协议，这些公司承诺建设或购买为数据中心供电所需的大量电力，以及将电力接入电网所需的基础设施。作为协议的一部分，公司承诺支付与普通消费者不同的电价。
谷歌、微软、Meta、甲骨文、xAI、OpenAI和亚马逊签署了该协议。特朗普表示，这将“大幅降低”公用事业账单。
“（这）将对电费产生巨大影响；我们正在降低所有成本，”特朗普说道。
美国电价上涨有多个原因，但一些政治反对声音集中在为人工智能供电的大型数据中心上。美国部分地区的数据中心建设耗电量超过了可用电量——导致电价急剧上涨。包括新泽西州、宾夕法尼亚州、马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州在内的大西洋中部各州的纳税人，电费大幅飙升，部分原因是弗吉尼亚州拥有全球最大的数据中心集群。
但一位专家告诉CNN，科技公司周三的自愿承诺缺乏约束力。
哈佛大学法学院电力法倡议组织主任阿里·佩斯科（Ari Peskoe）在电子邮件中表示：“白宫拥有舆论优势，但没有法律权力实施新的费率结构，以确保数据中心支付其全部服务成本。”“解决这些问题的责任应该由公用事业公司及其监管机构承担。”
政府官员周三承认，对该承诺书的执行将不得不依靠各州和州公用事业监管机构——这些机构负责批准电价上涨。几个州已经开始制定法规和法律，以确保消费者不会为数据中心的电力买单，但目前还没有联邦法规。
“这是总统与科技公司之间达成的一项全国性框架协议，因此与各州公用事业公司单独协商费率结构非常重要，”一位政府官员告诉记者。
佩斯科表示，此次声明本身表明，白宫和科技公司感受到了公众对该问题的反对。
“值得注意的是，白宫和科技公司都承认，大型数据中心可能会提高所有人的电费，因此需要有人采取行动，”他说。
Trump, tech companies sign voluntary pledge to protect consumers from rising electricity costs
By Ella Nilsen, CNN | Published Mar 4, 2026, 6:23 PM ET
President Donald Trump unveiled a voluntary pledge with major tech companies on Wednesday that the administration said will protect consumers from rising electricity costs spurred by artificial intelligence development.
At a White House roundtable — another attempt to assuage voters’ affordability concerns ahead of the 2026 midterms — Trump and CEOs of seven big tech companies signed a so-called “ratepayer protection pledge,” where companies pledged to build or buy the vast amount of electricity needed to power data centers, as well as the infrastructure needed to connect the power to the grid. Companies pledged to pay a different rate for electricity than a regular consumer as part of the agreement.
Google, Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, xAI, OpenAI and Amazon signed on to the agreement, which Trump said would help keep utility bills down “very substantially.”
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“(It’s) going to have a tremendous impact on electricity costs; we’re bringing down all of the costs,” Trump said.
Electricity rates in the US are rising for several reasons, but some political backlash has focused on vast data centers that power artificial intelligence. Data center buildout in some regions of the country is using more electricity than is available – causing prices to rise sharply. Ratepayers in Mid-Atlantic states including New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia have seen spikes driven in part by the world’s largest cluster of data centers in Virginia.
But one expert told CNN that Wednesday’s voluntary commitment from companies doesn’t have teeth.
“The White House has the bully pulpit but no legal authority to impose new rate structures that ensure data centers pay their full costs of service,” Ari Peskoe, director of the Harvard Law School’s electricity law initiative, said in an email. “The burden should be on utilities and utility regulators to address these issues.”
Administration officials admitted Wednesday that enforcement of the pledge would have to come from states and state utility regulators — the bodies that approve electric rate increases. Several states are starting to adopt regulations and pass laws that would ensure consumers don’t pick up the tab for data center power, but there is no such federal regulation in place.
“This is an agreement between the president and the technology companies for a nationwide framework, and that’s why negotiating separate rate structures with the state utilities is so important,” an administration official told reporters.
Peskoe said the announcement itself is a sign that the White House and companies are feeling public pushback on the issue.
“The noteworthy element here is both the White House and the companies conceding that large-scale data centers can raise everyone’s power bills and someone needs to do something about it,” he said.
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