伊朗最高领袖统治伊斯兰共和国超过三十年，期间实施残酷镇压和代理战争
作者：埃弗拉特·拉赫特、露丝·马克斯·埃格拉什
福克斯新闻
发布时间：2026年2月28日 美国东部时间下午3:11
以色列高级官员向福克斯新闻首席外交政策记者特雷·英格斯特证实，伊朗最高领袖阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊在以色列空袭其官邸后身亡。
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伊朗好战且毫不妥协的最高领袖阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊，统治伊斯兰共和国超过三十年，期间推行严苛的国内镇压政策，并与美国和以色列长期对抗。据以色列一名高级官员向福克斯新闻数字版透露，其德黑兰官邸被夷为废墟后，哈梅内伊在空袭中身亡。
“哈梅内伊是当代中东任职时间最长的独裁者。他能长期掌权并非靠赌博，而是一位意识形态坚定的领导者，为保护其意识形态不惜采取冷酷手段，常以进两步退一步的策略巩固权力。”FDD伊朗项目高级主任贝赫南·本·塔莱布鲁对福克斯新闻数字版表示。
“哈梅内伊的世界观植根于好战的反美主义和反犹主义，这一思想在他抗议伊朗国王穆罕默德·礼萨·巴列维时期就已显现。”
伊朗总统哈梅内伊在中国北京的欢迎仪式上，1989年5月11日
（福雷斯特·安德森/盖蒂图片社）
哈梅内伊1939年4月19日出生于伊朗东部马什哈德，是1979年推翻美国支持的国王穆罕默德·礼萨·巴列维的伊斯兰革命核心参与者。作为伊朗首任最高领袖阿亚图拉·鲁霍拉·霍梅尼的亲密盟友，他在新体制中步步高升，1981年至1989年担任总统，同年霍梅尼去世后接任最高领袖职位。
掌权数十年间，哈梅内伊巩固了对伊朗政治和安全体系的绝对控制，多次镇压异议运动，并对华盛顿和耶路撒冷采取强硬立场。
“阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊的统治以无情的残忍和镇压著称，无论是在伊朗国内还是其境外势力范围。”伊朗问题专家、《The Foreign Desk》主编莉萨·达夫塔里表示。她指出，处决异议者和严格执行社会控制是哈梅内伊领导下的体制标志性特征。
然而，他的极端保守领导风格也面临挑战。2009年，有争议的选举中哈梅内伊宣布现任总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪内贾德获胜后，全国爆发大规模抗议活动。
伊朗民众抗议22岁女子玛莎·阿米尼之死，2022年10月1日
（美联社）
2022年，22岁的玛莎·阿米尼因被道德警察拘留后死亡引发大规模示威，这些抗议遭到残酷镇压，许多被捕者被其政权处决。
2026年1月8日至9日，伊朗再次爆发抗议活动，安全部队以猛烈手段回应。据伊朗国际电台调查，仅两天内可能有3万人死亡。
委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗访问伊朗德黑兰，2016年10月22日
（Pool/最高领袖新闻办公室/阿纳多卢通讯社/盖蒂图片社）
国际监督机构和人权组织近年来多次记录伊朗执行死刑的高数字。大赦国际称，伊朗当局在2025年处决了超过1000人，为该组织至少15年来记录的最高年度数字。此外，联合国报告称伊朗2024年处决了至少975人，为2015年以来最高。
伊朗民众在德黑兰抗议，2026年1月9日
（MAHSA/中东图片社/法新社通过盖蒂图片社）
在地区层面，哈梅内伊大力投资伊朗的盟友民兵和武装团体网络，以将伊朗势力投射到境外。从西岸和加沙支持哈马斯、黎巴嫩真主党，到也门胡塞武装和伊拉克其他武装组织，伊朗在哈梅内伊领导下向恐怖组织投入数亿美元。
然而，在2023年10月7日袭击后，以色列军事压力下，他珍视的代理势力以及叙利亚巴沙尔·阿萨德政权相继崩溃。2025年6月12天的战争中，以色列成功清除了哈梅内伊数名最亲密助手和高级安全官员，使这位长期掌权的领导人显著削弱。
但分析人士认为，哈梅内伊最持久的遗产可能是他在国内建立的保障体制存续的机构机制。
伊朗最高领袖哈梅内伊数周来首次公开露面，对美国发出新威胁
（伊朗最高领袖办公室/美联社）
联合对抗伊朗核计划组织（UANI）的赛义德·戈尔卡尔和卡斯拉·阿拉比在报告中描述，”最高领袖办公室”（Bayt）是嵌入伊朗军队、经济、宗教机构和官僚体系的平行权力结构。
阿拉比在接受福克斯新闻数字版采访时表示：”它是伊朗政权隐藏的神经中枢……运作如国中之国。”他认为，即使哈梅内伊被移除，这一机构仍能维持系统运转。
“即使他被消灭，’最高领袖办公室’作为机构仍能使最高领袖职能延续，”阿拉比说，”应该将最高领袖视为一个机构而非单一人物。”
阿拉比还警告：”单独除掉哈梅内伊不够，必须针对围绕最高领袖的整个体系制定更广泛战略。”
“与伊斯兰共和国奠基人霍梅尼不同，哈梅内伊将权力制度化。今天的伊斯兰共和国更像是哈梅内伊而非霍梅尼的产物。”FDD的本·塔莱布鲁补充道。
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泄密文件揭露哈梅内伊镇压伊朗抗议的致命秘密计划
埃弗拉特·拉赫特是福克斯新闻数字版报道国际事务和联合国的外交记者。在X平台（原推特）关注她@efratlachter。新闻线索可发送至efrat.lachter@fox.com。
Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei dead after IDF strike hits Tehran compound, Israeli source confirms
Iran’s supreme leader ruled the Islamic Republic for more than three decades, overseeing brutal crackdowns and proxy wars
By Efrat Lachter, Ruth Marks Eglash
Fox News
Published February 28, 2026 3:11pm EST
Senior Israeli officials confirm to Fox News chief foreign policy correspondent Trey Yingst that Iran’s Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was killed in an Israeli airstrike on his compound.
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Iran’s militant and unyielding supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who ruled the Islamic Republic for more than three decades and oversaw an era of harsh internal repression and confrontation with the United States and Israel, has died after an Israeli strike in Tehran after his compound was reduced to rubble, a senior Israeli official told Fox News Digital.
“Khamenei was the contemporary Middle East’s longest-serving autocrat. He did not get to be that way by being a gambler. Khamenei was an ideologue, but one who ruthlessly pursued the preservation and protection of his ideology, often taking two steps forward and one step back,” Behnam Ben Taleblu, senior director of FDD’s Iran program, told Fox News Digital.
“Khamenei’s worldview was shaped by his militant anti-Americanism and antisemitism, which first manifested itself in his protests against the Shah of Iran.”
Iranian President Ali Khamenei during a welcoming ceremony for his state visit to Beijing, China, May 11, 1989.(Forrest Anderson/Getty Images)
Born April 19, 1939, in Mashhad, eastern Iran, Khamenei was among the Islamist activists who played a central role in the 1979 revolution that overthrew U.S.-backed Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. A close ally of Iran’s first supreme leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Khamenei rose through the new system and served as president from 1981 to 1989 before becoming supreme leader after Khomeini’s death that same year.
Through decades in power, Khamenei consolidated control over Iran’s political and security system, presiding over repeated crackdowns on dissent and maintaining a hardline posture toward Washington and Jerusalem.
“Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s rule has been marked by unrelenting brutality and repression, both within Iran and beyond its borders,” said Lisa Daftari, an expert on Iran and editor-in-chief of The Foreign Desk. She pointed to executions and the enforcement of strict social controls as defining features of the system under Khamenei’s leadership.
His ultra-conservative style of leadership did face challenges, however. In 2009, after disputed elections in which Khamenei declared victory for the incumbent president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, massive protests erupted across the country.
In this photo taken by an individual not employed by The Associated Press and obtained by the AP outside Iran, Iranian protests the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini after she was detained by the morality police in Tehran Oct. 1, 2022.(The Associated Press)
Mass demonstrations also broke out in 2022 after Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old woman, died while detained by the morality police for allegedly wearing her headscarf improperly. The protests were brutally put down, with many of those arrested put to death by his regime.
In late December, Iran was again rocked by protests and a fierce, brutal security response. According to an Iran International investigation, as many as 30,000 people may have been killed over two days, Jan. 8-9, 2026.
Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro meets the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei during his visit in Tehran, Iran, Oct. 22, 2016.(Pool/Supreme Leader Press Office/Anadolu Agency/Getty Image)
International monitors and rights groups have repeatedly documented high execution numbers in Iran in recent years as well. Amnesty International said Iranian authorities executed more than 1,000 people in 2025, calling it the highest yearly figure the organization recorded in at least 15 years. Separately, a U.N. report said Iran executed at least 975 people in 2024, the highest number since 2015.
Iranians gather while blocking a street during a protest in Tehran, Iran, Jan. 9, 2026. (MAHSA/Middle East Images/AFP via Getty Images)
Across the region, Khamenei invested heavily in Iran’s network of allied militias and armed groups, a strategy used to project Iranian power beyond its borders. From the West Bank and Gaza, where he backed terror groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah in Lebanon, Houthi extremists in Yemen and other militant militias in Iraq, Iran under Khamenei spent hundreds of millions of dollars on the terror groups.
However, his prized proxies, as well as the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria, collapsed under Israeli military pressure after the Oct. 7, 2023, attack. During a 12-day war in June 2025, Israel also succeeded in taking out some of Khamenei’s closest aides and senior security figures, leaving the long-serving leader significantly weakened.
Yet analysts argue that Khamenei’s most enduring legacy may be the institutional machinery he built at home to safeguard the system.
Iran’s Supreme Leader Khamenei makes first public appearance in weeks with fresh U.S. threats.(Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader Credit/AP)
A recent report by United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI), authored by Saeid Golkar and Kasra Aarabi, describes the Bayt, the Office of the Supreme Leader, as a parallel structure embedded across Iran’s military, economy, religious institutions and bureaucracy.
In an interview with Fox News Digital, Aarabi said, “It is the hidden nerve center of the regime in Iran. … It operates as a state within a state.”
He argued that even Khamenei’s removal would not necessarily dismantle the system.
“Even if he is eliminated, the Bayt as an institution enables the supreme leader to function,” Aarabi said. “Think of the supreme leader as an institution rather than just a single individual.”
Aarabi also warned that “eliminating Khamenei in isolation on its own is not enough,” calling for a broader strategy aimed at the wider apparatus surrounding the supreme leader.
“You have to dismantle this extensive apparatus that he has created,” he said.
“Unlike Khomeini, the founding father of the Islamic Republic, Khamenei institutionalized his power. Today, the Islamic Republic is more a product of Khamenei than Khomeini,” FDD’s Ben Taleblu added.
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Efrat Lachter is a foreign correspondent for Fox News Digital covering international affairs and the United Nations. Follow her on X @efratlachter. Stories can be sent to efrat.lachter@fox.com.
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