发布时间：2026年2月25日，美国东部时间凌晨5:00 / CNN
据ChatGPT开发商OpenAI的一份新报告称，一个规模庞大的中国影响力行动——意外被一名中国执法官员使用ChatGPT记录下来——主要针对在海外的中国异见人士进行恐吓，其中包括冒充美国移民官员。
OpenAI表示，这名中国执法官员将ChatGPT当作日记，记录了所谓的秘密镇压行动。据ChatGPT用户称，在一次行动中，中国操作人员据称伪装成美国移民官员，警告一名居住在美国的中国异见人士，称其公开言论“涉嫌违法”。在另一个案例中，他们描述了试图利用伪造的美国县法院文件，以试图删除一名中国异见人士的社交媒体账号。
该报告提供了威权政权如何利用AI工具记录其审查工作的最生动例子之一。OpenAI称，该影响力行动似乎涉及数百名中国操作人员和数千个在各类社交媒体平台上的虚假在线账号。
“这就是中国现代跨国镇压的样子，”OpenAI首席调查员本·尼莫在报告发布前对记者表示。“这不仅仅是数字层面的操作，也不仅仅是网络骚扰。这是工业化的运作，是试图从各个角度、用各种手段打击中国共产党（CCP）的批评者。”
美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）已请求中国驻华盛顿特区大使馆对该报告置评。
ChatGPT成为了中国操作人员记录秘密网络的工具，而该网络的大部分内容由其他工具生成，并通过社交媒体账号和网站传播。OpenAI在发现该用户的活动后禁止了其使用ChatGPT。
OpenAI的调查人员能够将ChatGPT用户的描述与现实世界中的在线活动和影响进行匹配。该用户描述了一个通过伪造讣告和墓碑照片来伪造一名中国异见人士死亡的企图，并将其发布到网上。据美国之音中文网的一篇文章称，2023年确实出现了关于该异见人士死亡的虚假谣言。
在另一个案例中，ChatGPT用户要求AI代理制定一个多步骤计划，通过煽动关于美国对日本商品加征关税的网络愤怒，来诋毁即将上任的日本首相高市早苗。OpenAI称，ChatGPT拒绝回应这一请求。但据OpenAI称，10月底高市早苗上台后，一个日本平面艺术家热门论坛上出现了攻击她的话题标签，并抱怨美国关税。
这份报告发布之际，正值美国和中国在人工智能领域争夺霸权。这一技术如何在世界两大经济体的战场和会议室中被使用，成为了竞争的焦点。
五角大楼正与另一家知名AI公司Anthropic就其AI模型的使用展开对峙。国防部长彼得·黑格塞特给Anthropic首席执行官达里奥·阿莫迪设定了周五的最后期限，要求其遵守要求，取消其AI模型的安全保障措施，否则将失去与五角大楼的丰厚合同。
前五角大楼负责新兴技术的官员迈克尔·霍洛维茨告诉CNN，OpenAI的报告“清楚地证明了中国正在积极利用AI工具加强信息行动”。
“美中人工智能竞争正在持续加剧，”目前是宾夕法尼亚大学教授的霍洛维茨表示。“这种竞争不仅发生在技术前沿，也体现在中国政府如何规划和实施其日常的监视和信息设备运作。”
OpenAI uncovers global Chinese intimidation operation through one official’s use of ChatGPT
PUBLISHED Feb 25, 2026, 5:00 AM ET / CNN
A sprawling Chinese influence operation — accidentally revealed by a Chinese law enforcement official’s use of ChatGPT — focused on intimidating Chinese dissidents abroad, including by impersonating US immigration officials, according to a new report from ChatGPT-maker OpenAI.
The Chinese law enforcement official used ChatGPT like a diary to document the alleged covert campaign of suppression, OpenAI said. In one instance, Chinese operators allegedly disguised themselves as US immigration officials to warn a US-based Chinese dissident that their public statements had supposedly broken the law, according to the ChatGPT user. In another case, they describe an effort to use forged documents from a US county court to try to get a Chinese dissident’s social media account taken down.
The report offers one of the most vivid examples yet of how authoritarian regimes can use AI tools to document their censorship efforts. The influence operation appeared to involve hundreds of Chinese operators and thousands of fake online accounts on various social media platforms, according to OpenAI.
“This is what Chinese modern transnational repression looks like,” Ben Nimmo, principal investigator at OpenAI, told reporters ahead of the report’s release. “It’s not just digital. It’s not just about trolling. It’s industrialized. It’s about trying to hit critics of the CCP [Chinese Communist Party] with everything, everywhere, all at once.”
CNN has requested comment on the report from the Chinese Embassy in Washington, DC.
ChatGPT served as a journal for the Chinese operative to keep track of the covert network, while much of the network’s content was generated by other tools and spread through social media accounts and websites. OpenAI banned the user after discovering the activity.
OpenAI’s investigators were able to match descriptions from the ChatGPT user with real-world online activity and impact. The user described an effort to fake the death of a Chinese dissident by creating a phony obituary and photos of a gravestone and posting them online. False rumors of the dissident’s death did indeed surfaced online in 2023, according to a Chinese-language Voice of America article.
In another case, the ChatGPT user asked the AI agent to draw up a multi-part plan to denigrate the incoming Japanese prime minister, Sanae Takaichi, in part by fanning online anger about US tariffs on Japanese goods. ChatGPT refused to respond to the prompt, according to OpenAI. But in late October, as Takaichi took power, hashtags emerged on a popular forum for Japanese graphic artists attacking her and complaining about US tariffs, according to OpenAI.
The report comes amid a battle between the US and China for supremacy over AI. At stake is how the technology is used on the battlefield and in the boardroom of the world’s two biggest economies.
The Pentagon is in a standoff with another prominent AI company, Anthropic, over the use of its AI model. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth has given Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei a Friday deadline to comply with demands to peel back safeguards on its AI model or risk losing a lucrative Pentagon contract.
The report from OpenAI “clearly demonstrates the way that China is actively employing AI tools to enhance information operations,” Michael Horowitz, a former Pentagon official focused on emerging technologies, told CNN.
“US-China AI competition is continuing to intensify,” said Horowtiz, who is now a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. “This competition is not just taking place at the frontier, but in how China’s government is planning and implementing the day-to-day of their surveillance and information apparatus.”
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