2026年2月20日 / 美国东部时间晚上9:32 / 哥伦比亚广播公司/美联社
美国一家上诉法院为路易斯安那州一项要求在公立教室张贴大幅《十诫》海报的法律生效扫清了道路。
第五巡回上诉法院以12票对6票的投票结果，撤销了下级法院2024年最初对该法律实施的禁令。在周五发布的意见书中，法院表示现在就判断该法律的合宪性还为时过早。
多数意见称，部分原因在于目前尚不清楚学校会如何突出展示这一宗教文本，教师是否会在课堂上提及《十诫》，以及《五月花公约》或《独立宣言》等其他内容是否也会被展示。
该小组决定，由于缺乏这些细节，他们没有足够的信息来权衡该法律可能引发的任何第一修正案问题。多数法官在意见书中写道，也就是说，目前没有足够的事实来”允许司法判断而非推测”。
但6名投反对票的法官撰写了一系列异议意见，一些人认为此案已到了适合司法审查的阶段，另一些人则表示，该法律将儿童置于政府认可的宗教环境中，这在他们必须身处的场所构成了明显的宪法负担。
巡回法官詹姆斯·L·丹尼斯（James L. Dennis）写道，该法律”正是制宪者预期并试图防止的那种宗教建立行为”。
这一裁决是在全法院1月份听取该案件的辩论之后作出的，此前一个由三名法官组成的小组裁定路易斯安那州的法律违宪。阿肯色州也有一项类似法律，已在联邦法院受到质疑。
路易斯安那州总检察长莉兹·穆里尔（Liz Murrill）周五在一份声明中表示：”不可杀人或偷盗不应该有争议。我的办公室已就如何遵守该法律向我们的公立学校发布了明确指导，并制作了多个海报示例，展示如何在合宪的情况下应用该法律。路易斯安那州的公立学校应遵守该法律。”
德克萨斯州的法律已于9月1日生效，这是全国范围内在公立学校悬挂《十诫》的最大规模尝试。在联邦法官针对该法律的两起案件中发布禁令后，多个学区被禁止张贴《十诫》海报，但由于学区自行付费印制海报或接受捐赠，全州许多教室已经张贴了这些海报。
这些法律是共和党人推动的一部分，包括总统特朗普，他们试图将宗教纳入公立学校课堂。批评者称这违反了政教分离原则，而支持者则认为《十诫》具有历史意义，是美国法律体系的基础组成部分。
除了无宗教信仰的家庭外，来自基督教、犹太教和印度教等不同宗教的家庭代表以及神职人员也对这些法律提出了质疑。
1980年，美国最高法院裁定肯塔基州一项类似法律违反了美国宪法第一修正案中的”建立条款”，该条款规定国会”不得制定关于确立宗教的法律”。法院发现该法律没有世俗目的，而是具有明显的宗教目的。
2005年，最高法院裁定肯塔基州两座法院大楼内的类似展示违反宪法，同时维持了德克萨斯州议会大厦（奥斯汀） grounds上的《十诫》纪念碑。
凯蒂·魏斯（Kati Weis）为本报道提供了帮助。
Appeals court clears way for Louisiana law requiring public schools to display Ten Commandments
February 20, 2026 / 9:32 PM EST / CBS/AP
A U.S. appeals court has cleared the way for a Louisiana law requiring poster-sized displays of the Ten Commandments in public classrooms to take effect.
The 5th Circuit Court of Appeals voted 12-6 to lift a block that a lower court first placed on the law in 2024. In the opinion released Friday, the court said it was too early to make a judgment call on the constitutionality of the law.
That’s partly because it’s not yet clear how prominently schools may display the religious text, if teachers will refer to the Ten Commandments during classes, or if other things like the Mayflower Compact or Declaration of Independence will also be displayed, the majority opinion said.
Without those sorts of details, the panel decided it didn’t have enough information to weigh any First Amendment issues that might arise from the law. In other words, there aren’t enough facts available to “permit judicial judgment rather than speculation,” the majority wrote in the opinion.
But the six judges who voted against the decision wrote a series of dissents, some arguing that the case was ripe for judicial review and others saying that the law exposes children to government-endorsed religion in a place they are required to be, presenting a clear constitutional burden.
Circuit Judge James L. Dennis wrote that the law “is precisely the kind of establishment the Framers anticipated and sought to prevent.”
The ruling comes after the full court heard arguments in the cases in January following a ruling by a three-judge panel of the court that Louisiana’s law was unconstitutional. Arkansas also has a similar law that has been challenged in federal court.
Louisiana Attorney General Liz Murrill said Friday in a statement: “Don’t kill or steal shouldn’t be controversial. My office has issued clear guidance to our public schools on how to comply with the law, and we have created multiple examples of posters demonstrating how it can be applied constitutionally. Louisiana public schools should follow the law.”
Texas’ law took effect on Sept. 1, marking the largest attempt in the nation to hang the Ten Commandments in public schools. Multiple school districts were barred from posting them after federal judges issued injunctions in two cases against the law, but they have already gone up in many classrooms across the state as districts paid to have the posters printed themselves or accepted donations.
The laws are among the pushes by Republicans, including President Trump, to incorporate religion into public school classrooms. Critics say it violates the separation of church and state while backers argue that the Ten Commandments are historical and part of the foundation of U.S. law.
The laws have been challenged by families representing a variety of religions, including Christianity, Judaism and Hinduism, and clergy, in addition to nonreligious families.
In 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a similar Kentucky law violated the Establishment Clause of the U.S. Constitution, which says Congress can “make no law respecting an establishment of religion.” The court found that the law had no secular purpose but served a plainly religious purpose.
And in 2005, the Supreme Court held that such displays in a pair of Kentucky courthouses violated the Constitution. At the same time, the court upheld a Ten Commandments marker on the grounds of the Texas state Capitol in Austin.
Kati Weis contributed to this report.
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