2026年2月20日 / 美国东部时间下午3:17 / CBS新闻
特朗普政府周五正式提出一项法规，将大幅限制寻求庇护者的工作许可，证实了CBS新闻此前报道的一项计划，该计划将颠覆美国长期存在的移民政策。
自20世纪90年代以来，美国法律允许移民官员在庇护申请悬而未决至少180天后，向庇护申请者发放工作许可。这通常允许庇护申请者在提出申请后150天内申请工作许可。符合条件的人在另外30天内可获得许可。
但特朗普政府周五公布的拟议法规将暂停接受庇护工作许可申请，直到美国公民及移民服务局（USCIS）将平均180天内决定所有庇护案件。
这一要求几乎肯定会导致与庇护相关的工作许可无限期暂停，因为美国政府面临着大量积压的庇护申请。2024年，一家联邦政府监督机构发现，USCIS面前超过77%的庇护申请已悬而未决超过180天。近40%的申请在两年后仍未解决。据该机构称，USCIS目前正在处理超过140万份待处理的庇护申请。
该法规文本承认，这种暂停可能会持续”多年”，预测在不考虑拟议的变化的情况下，官员们需要14至173年才能在平均180天内裁决庇护案件。
美国国土安全部（DHS）的提案还规定，寻求庇护者只有在申请庇护一年后才有资格获得工作许可，将资格等待期从180天延长至365天。
此外，该规则还提议取消非法越境进入美国的移民的工作许可资格，除非他们在进入该国后48小时内告诉移民官员他们正在逃离迫害。
拟议的法规将有60天的时间供公众提交支持或反对这些变化的意见。在生效前，它需要转化为最终规则。
CBS新闻在2025年6月曾报道，特朗普政府官员正在制定一项法规，暂停与庇护相关的工作许可，并对其施加更严格的资格要求。
这一举措旨在减少特朗普政府官员认定的吸引非法移民的”磁石”因素：一些经济移民利用庇护系统在申请审查期间在美国工作和生活，由于案件积压，这一过程通常需要数年时间才能完成。
庇护制度旨在为能够证明因种族、宗教或政治观点等因素而正在逃避迫害的外国人提供永久避风港。政府数据显示，虽然国籍和法律援助等因素起着关键作用，但许多申请者最终不符合获得庇护的法律标准。
DHS在周五的声明中表示：”长期以来，欺诈性的庇护申请一直是在美国工作的一条便捷途径，无价值的申请使我们的移民系统不堪重负。我们正在提议全面改革庇护系统，以执行规则并减少我们从前任政府继承的积压案件。”
倡导者强烈谴责这一拟议措施，称其将阻止寻求庇护者经济上养活自己和家人，并损害美国经济。
帮助寻求庇护者的Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project组织联合执行董事Conchita Cruz表示：”这一提案将在美国各地社区造成混乱，因为尽管有未决的移民申请，但超过100万移民工人可能会退出劳动力市场。”
在特朗普政府领导下，USCIS大幅收紧了移民项目，影响了广泛的移民群体，包括合法和非法移民。去年年底，在一名阿富汗国民据称在华盛顿枪杀两名国民警卫队士兵后，该机构暂停了所有庇护案件以及来自数十个”高风险”国家出生者的移民申请。
Trump administration unveils plans to dramatically restrict work permits for asylum-seekers
February 20, 2026 / 3:17 PM EST / CBS News
The Trump administration on Friday formally proposed a regulation that would dramatically restrict work permits for asylum-seekers, confirming a CBS News report about a plan to upend longstanding U.S. immigration policy.
Since the 1990s, U.S. law has allowed immigration officials to grant work permits to asylum applicants if their cases have been pending for at least 180 days. That has generally allowed asylum applicants to request a work permit 150 days after they make their claim. Those eligible can be granted the permit after another 30 days.
But a proposed Trump administration regulation unveiled Friday would suspend the acceptance of asylum work permit applications until U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services reaches the point where it decides all asylum cases within an average of 180 days.
That requirement would almost certainly amount to indefinite pause on asylum-related work permits, since the U.S. government faces a massive backlog of asylum applications. A federal government watchdog found in 2024 that more than 77% of the asylum applications before USCIS had been pending for beyond 180 days. Nearly 40% of applications remained unresolved after two years. USCIS is currently overseeing more than 1.4 million pending asylum applications, according to the agency.
The text of the regulation acknowledged such a pause could last for “many years,” predicting that, without considering the proposed changes, it could take officials between 14 and 173 years to adjudicate asylum cases within an average of 180 days.
The Department of Homeland Security proposal also stipulates that asylum-seekers would only qualify for a work permit a year after they apply for asylum, increasing the eligibility wait period from 180 days to 365 days.
Additionally, the rule proposed to disqualify migrants who crossed the U.S. illegally from work permit eligibility, unless they told immigration officials within 48 hours of entering the country that they were fleeing persecution.
The proposed regulation is subject to a 60-day period during which the public can file comments in support or opposition to the changes. It would need to be converted into a final rule before it can take effect.
CBS News revealed in June 2025 that Trump administration officials were developing a regulation to pause asylum-related work permits and impose stricter eligibility requirements for them.
Asylum-seekers wait at El Chaparral border port in Tijuana, Mexico, on Jan. 20, 2025. Carlos Moreno/NurPhoto via Getty Images
The effort seeks to curtail what Trump administration officials have identified as a “magnet” factor that attracts illegal immigration: the practice of some economic migrants using the asylum system to work and live in the U.S. while their petitions are reviewed, a process that typically takes years to complete due to the backlog of cases.
Asylum is designed to provide a permanent safe haven to foreigners who can prove they are fleeing persecution because of certain factors, like their race, religion or political views. While factors like nationality and legal representation play a key role, many applicants do not ultimately meet the legal threshold to win asylum, government figures show.
“For too long, a fraudulent asylum claim has been an easy path to working in the United States, overwhelming our immigration system with meritless applications,” DHS said in a statement Friday. “We are proposing an overhaul of the asylum system to enforce the rules and reduce the backlog we inherited from the prior administration.”
Advocates strongly denounced the proposed measure, saying it would prevent asylum-seekers from financially supporting themselves and their families and hurt the U.S. economy.
“This proposal would cause chaos in communities across the U.S. as over a million immigrant workers could fall out of the workforce despite having a pending immigration application,” said Conchita Cruz, co-executive director of the Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project, a group that helps asylum-seekers.
Under the Trump administration, USCIS has severely tightened immigration programs, affecting broad swaths of immigrants, legal and illegal alike. Late last year, after an Afghan national allegedly shot two National Guard soldiers in Washington, the agency paused all asylum cases, as well as immigration applications filed by those born in several dozen “high-risk” countries.
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