2026-02-20T17:34:00-0500 / CBS新闻
在最高法院周五裁定特朗普总统依据《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA）非法征收关税后，企业正敦促特朗普政府发放关税退款。然而，这一流程面临潜在的法律和政治障碍，专家称可能需要数年时间。
经济学家和贸易专家告诉CBS新闻，他们预计该问题将在法庭上持续诉讼，而目前政府没有设立企业申请或收取关税退款的机制。
“我们预计这些退款将引发另一场长期的法律纠纷，”凯投宏观（Capital Economics）首席北美经济学家保罗·阿什沃思（Paul Ashworth）在给投资者的报告中表示。
最高法院裁定后美国人能否获得关税退款？
最高法院在裁决中未明确表示，缴纳了数十亿美元IEEPA关税的企业是否必须获得赔偿，实际上将这一问题交由下级法院处理。
周五最高法院裁决后的新闻发布会上，特朗普拒绝对其政府是否会发放退款置评，但暗示这一流程可能会持续数年。
“他们花了数月时间撰写意见，甚至没有讨论这一点，”他表示，”我们收取的所有资金将如何处理？这一点没有被讨论。”
“我猜接下来两年必须通过诉讼解决，”他补充道。
专注于公共政策分析的无党派研究机构——宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院预算模型（Penn Wharton Budget Model）周五估计，企业可能应获得高达1650亿美元的关税退款。
关税退款如何操作？
目前，没有自动退还企业缴纳的IEEPA关税的流程；同样，也没有企业可以申请退款的门户系统。
太平洋研究院（Pacific Research Institute）（一个支持自由市场原则的无党派智库）的高级经济学研究员韦恩·怀恩加登（Wayne Winegarden）告诉CBS新闻，处理数十亿美元的关税退款将是联邦政府的”史无前例”举动。
“当然，政府不会主动提供退款，企业必须自行申请，”他说，”关键是政府无权征收这些税款，因此企业有权获得退款。”
尽管怀恩加登表示企业可能需要克服各种障碍才能申请退款，但他猜测一些公司可能因担心触怒特朗普而放弃申请补偿。
“这是一个复杂的烂摊子。对企业来说，这是一场赌博，而特朗普是个惩罚性的人，所以这会让他们不敢申请，”怀恩加登告诉CBS新闻。
哪些关税可申请退款？
最高法院推翻了依据IEEPA征收的国家层面关税。根据宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院预算模型，这些关税占美国每月关税收入的约60%。
周五在达拉斯经济俱乐部的演讲中，美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特（Scott Bessent）表示，目前尚不清楚联邦政府是否必须向企业提供关税退款，称这一问题”存在争议”。
“最高法院今天没有对此做出裁决——他们将其发回国际税务和贸易法院。我认为这可能会拖延数周、数月甚至数年，”他说。
与此同时，特朗普政府表示正在通过其他权力手段替代IEEPA关税。
“我们可以使用其他法规和关税授权，这些都已得到确认且完全合法，”特朗普周五表示。为此，他宣布将根据1974年《贸易法》第122条实施10%的全球关税。
总统还表示，其政府将寻求扩大其他现有关税，例如根据《贸易法》第301条征收的关税。
谁呼吁退还关税？
进步经济智库”基础集体”（Groundwork Collective）政策与倡导主管亚历克斯·雅克兹（Alex Jacquez）表示，企业已向国际贸易法院提交了超过1000份关税退款申请。他预计在周五最高法院裁决后，这一数字将大幅上升。
“自最高法院决定受理此案以来，这些案件一直处于暂停状态——现在它们将全部继续推进，”他说，”将会有大量案件。”
反对特朗普关税的小企业倡导组织”主街联盟”（Main Street Alliance）全国竞选主任肖恩·费特普雷斯（Shawn Phetteplace）敦促白宫迅速提供退款。
“我们将竭尽全力追回这些资金，因为这笔钱可能会使企业难以为继，”他说，并指出一些小企业主因更高的关税成本已永久关闭。
“如果关税被认定为非法，那么这些资金应该退还，希望他们能遵守法律和裁决，”费特普雷斯补充道。
最高法院裁决后，一些州政治领袖也呼吁特朗普向美国消费者发放退款。
“特朗普从工薪家庭和美国民众的口袋中榨取了血汗钱。现在该还钱了，”加利福尼亚州州长加文·纽森（Gavin Newsom）在社交媒体发布的视频中表示。
周五，伊利诺伊州州长JB·普里茨克（JB Pritzker）也在备忘录中要求特朗普政府向该州每个家庭支付1700美元——总额80亿美元。这一金额是美国联合经济委员会民主党议员最近估计美国家庭支付的关税总额。
https://x.com/CAgovernor/status/2024950767992668165?s=20
Will Americans get refunds after Trump’s tariffs were overturned by the Supreme Court?
2026-02-20T17:34:00-0500 / CBS News
Businesses are pressing the Trump administration to issue tariff refunds after the Supreme Court ruled Friday that President Trump unlawfully imposed levies under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or IEEPA. Yet that process faces potential legal and political roadblocks, with experts saying it could drag out for years.
Economists and trade experts told CBS News they expect the issue to be litigated in court, while no government mechanism is currently set up for businesses to file for or collect a tariff refund.
“We anticipate another long legal fight over those refunds,” Paul Ashworth, chief North America economist with Capital Economics, said in a note to investors.
Will Americans get tariff refunds after the Supreme Court ruling?
The Supreme Court did not indicate in its ruling whether businesses that paid billions of dollars in IEEPA tariffs must be reimbursed, effectively punting the question to lower courts.
In a press conference on Friday after the Supreme Court ruling, Mr. Trump demurred on whether his administration will issue refunds, but suggested the process is likely to be drawn out — possibly for years.
“They take months and months to write an opinion, and they don’t even discuss that point,” he said. “What happens to all the money we took in? It wasn’t discussed.”
“I guess it has to get litigated for the next two years,” he added.
The Penn Wharton Budget Model, a nonpartisan research initiative focused on public policy analysis, estimated Friday that businesses could be owed up to $165 billion in tariff refunds.
How would a tariff refund work?
Currently, no procedures are in place to automatically refund businesses for the IEEPA tariffs they paid; similarly, no portal exists that would enable businesses to apply for reimbursement.
Wayne Winegarden, a senior fellow in economics at Pacific Research Institute, a nonpartisan think tank that supports free-market principles, told CBS News that processing billions of dollars in tariff refunds would be an “unprecedented” move by the federal government.
“Certainly, the administration is not going to volunteer refunds, and companies will have to ask for them,” he said. “The bottom line is that the government didn’t have the authority to levy the tax, so they are entitled to refunds.”
Although Winegarden said businesses will likely have to jump through various hoops to claim a refund, he suspects some companies will opt against filing for compensation out of concern that it could anger Mr. Trump.
“It’s a complicated mess. For businesses, it’s a crapshoot, and he’s a punitive person, so that will keep them from asking,” Winegarden told CBS News.
Which tariffs would qualify for a tariff refund?
The Supreme Court struck down country-based tariffs imposed under IEEPA. Those levies account for roughly 60% of the U.S. tariff revenue collected each month, according to the Penn Wharton Budget Model.
At a speech at the Economic Club of Dallas on Friday, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent suggested it is unclear if the federal government must provide tariff refunds to businesses, saying the issue is “in dispute.”
“The Supreme Court did not rule on that today — they pushed it back down to the International Tax and Trade Court. And you know, my sense is that could be dragged out for weeks, months, years,” he said.
Meanwhile, the Trump administration has said it is working to replace the IEEPA tariffs through other powers.
“We can use other of the statutes, other of the tariff authorities, which have also been confirmed and are fully allowed,” Mr. Trump said Friday. To that end, he announced he would impose a 10% global tariff under Section 122 of the 1974 Trade Act.
The president also indicated that his administration would seek to expand other existing tariffs, such as levies imposed under Section 301 of the Trade Act.
Who has called for tariff refunds?
Alex Jacquez, chief of policy and advocacy at Groundwork Collective, a progressive economic think tank, said that businesses have filed more than 1,000 claims for tariff refunds with the Court of International Trade. He expects that number to soar following Friday’s high court ruling.
Those cases “have been stayed since the Supreme Court decided they would take this on — now they will all go forward,” he said. “There will be a massive number of cases.”
Shawn Phetteplace, national campaigns director for Main Street Alliance, a small business advocacy group that opposes Mr. Trump’s tariffs, urged the White House to swiftly provide refunds.
“We are going to work really hard to get the money back, because it’s the kind of money that can make a business unsustainable,” he said, noting that some small business owners have closed permanently because of higher tariff costs.
“If tariffs are deemed illegal, then the money should be paid back, and you would hope they follow the law and the ruling,” Phetteplace added.
Following the Supreme Court decision, some state political leaders also called on Mr. Trump to issue refunds to U.S. consumers.
“Trump took hard-earned money from the pockets of working families and the American people. Time to pay up,” California Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a posted on social media.
In a memo on Friday, Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker also demanded that the Trump administration pay every household in the state $1,700 each — a total of $8 billion. That is the amount Democratic lawmakers on the Joint Economic Committee recently estimated that U.S. families have paid in tariff costs.
https://x.com/CAgovernor/status/2024950767992668165?s=20
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